Low-dose albumin-coated gold nanorods induce intercellular gaps on vascular endothelium by causing the contraction of cytoskeletal actin.

Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles, typically evaluated by biochemical-based assays, often overlook the cellular biophysical properties such as cell morphology and cytoskeletal actin, which could serve as more sensitive indicators for cytotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate that low-dose albumin-coated gold nanorods (HSA@AuNRs), although being considered noncytotoxic in multiple biochemical assays, can induce intercellular gaps and enhance the paracellular permeability between human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The formation of intercellular gaps can be attributed to the changed cell morphology and cytoskeletal actin structures, as validated at the monolayer and single cell levels using fluorescence staining, atomic force microscopy, and super-resolution imaging. Molecular mechanistic study shows the caveolae-mediated endocytosis of HSA@AuNRs induces the calcium influx and activates actomyosin contraction in HAECs. Considering the important roles of endothelial integrity/dysfunction in various physiological/pathological conditions, this work suggests a potential adverse effect of albumin-coated gold nanorods on the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, this work also offers a feasible way to modulate the endothelial permeability, thus promoting drug and nanoparticle delivery across the endothelium.

Meeting the needs of siblings of children with cancer.

This study elicited the views of parents of children with cancer on siblings' needs and on support offered. A questionnaire obtained views from parents in 86 families (159 well siblings, mean age 10.5 years). Parents felt that current support was inadequate. Parents were willing for siblings to be involved in most therapeutic interventions; however, practicalities presented an obstacle to allowing their child's attendance. Parents who believed that their well child was likely to have problems as a result of the diagnosis were more willing (p < 0.004) and more able (p < 0.01) to take their child to therapeutic interventions. The weekend interventions and leaflets developed as a result of this study are described.