ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Different methodologies for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) are currently used. OBJECTIVE: To know which tool is most useful to estimate TEE in healthy subjects: SenseWearArmband (SWA) or Harris-Benedict (HB). METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study in 32 volunteers. SWA was placed for 24 hours and TEE was estimated with HB and the activity factor calculated with a 24-h activity questionnaire. RESULTS: The difference between both estimates of TEE was 351.9 (95% CI 222.2 to 481.6) kcal/day (p < 0.001). This difference was associated with obesity, but not with sex. The value of ICC was 65.0% (95% CI 7.8% to 86.2%) being statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the estimation of the activity between both techniques [0.4 (CI 95% 0.1 to 0.7) hours (p = 0.007)]. CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference in the estimation of TEE using HB and SWA has been found.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity/physiopathology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The maintenance of weight loss may be influenced by the distribution of macronutrients in the diet and insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the longterm effect of two hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios in overweight and obese individuals either with insulin resistance (IR) or without insulin resistance (IS). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, clinical intervention study. Forty patients were classified as IR/IS after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and then randomized to a diet with either 40% carbohydrate/30% protein/30% fat (diet A) or 55% carbohydrate/15% protein/30% fat (diet B). RESULTS: After one year of follow-up there was no difference in weight loss between diets A and B in each group, but the IS group maintained weight loss better than the IR group [-5.7 (3.9) vs. -0.6 (4.1); P = 0.04]. No differences were found in either Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) or other metabolic glucose parameters except lower insulin at 120 minutes with diet A [21.40 (8.30) vs. 71.40 (17.11); P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: The hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios produced similar changes in weight. Insulin resistance may play a negative role in maintaining weight loss.
Subject(s)
Caloric Restriction/methods , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Weight Loss/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anthropometry , Body Composition/physiology , Diet , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Energy Intake/physiology , Female , Homeostasis/physiology , Humans , Insulin/blood , Long-Term Care , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/rehabilitation , Overweight/physiopathology , Overweight/rehabilitation , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition affects morbidity and mortality of patients with ALS. The nutrition unit should evaluate these patients early and regularly providing the necessary steps in the evolution of the disease. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study in which we analyzed 46 patients diagnosed with ALS, 21 of them received nutritional therapy. We studied age, mode of onset, date of entry into a nutritional protocol, placement of PEG and survival. We performed a test of Breslow comparing patients who were at nutritional protocol with those not receiving nutritional support, and those who received early nutritional therapy with those with delayed nutrition. RESULTS: There was an increase in median survival for patients in nutritional therapy in bulbar ALS (452 vs 55 days) and in spinal ALS (1,798 vs 357 days) (p = 0.002). The median delay in the initiation of nutritional therapy in spinal ALS was 557 days while in bulbar ALS was 230 days. The survival in the spinal ALS of those who entered into nutritional protocol before the median survival was 325 days to 181 days (p = 0.09) while in bulbar ALS those who entered before had a median survival of 435 days to 177 days (p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS: The entry of patients with ALS in a nutritional protocol increases survival. There is an advantage in the evolution of patients with early nutritional treatment.
Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Nutritional Support , Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Cohort Studies , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Malnutrition/etiology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , SurvivalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The establishment of healthy eating habits in children at school and in family life is very important for preventing obesity in children. AIMS: To know the habits of late-breakfast in a scholar population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and establish healthy dietary habits through the late-breakfast. METHODS: A prospective interventional study was performed in a school group. Children from 10 to 13 years-old were included. The study had three phases: pre-intervention (anthropometric assessment and questionnaire of late-breakfast frequency), intervention (parents and teachers received information about "the importance of proper nutrition in school" focused on the transcendence of a healthy and balanced diet that includes a suitable late-breakfast every day at school, and the students received the late-breakfast during two weeks that included milk, fruit and a traditional sandwich), and post-intervention (questionnaire of late-breakfast frequency). RESULTS: Frequency of overweight was 10.6% and obesity 2.6%. After the intervention the proportion of children who had late-breakfast increased by 9.2%, and the kind of food which they ate changed. CONCLUSION: Dietary habits can be modified in a scholar population with an easy nutritional intervention.
