Significantly reduced incidence and improved survival from prostate cancer over 25 years.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) was the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in the incidence, mortality and survival of PCa in Girona, Spain, over 25 years. METHODS: Population-based study of PCa collected in the Girona Cancer Registry, 1994-2018. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 men-year. Joinpoint regression models were used for trends, calculating the annual percentage changes (APC). Observed and net survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Pohar-Perme estimations, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 9,846 cases of PCa were registered between 1994-2018. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were 154.7 (95%CI: 151.7 157.8) and 38.9 (95%CI: 37.3 -40.6), respectively. An increased incidence of 6.2% was observed from 1994 to 2003 (95%CI: 4.4 -8.1), and a decrease of -2.7% (95%CI: -3.5 -;-1.9) between 2003 and 2018. Mortality APC was -2.6% (95%CI: -3.3 --2.0). Five-year observed and net survival were 72.8% (95%CI: 71.8 - 73.7) and 87.2% (95%CI: 85.9 - 88.4), respectively. Five-year net survival increased over time from 72.9% (1994-1998) to 91.3% (2014-2018). CONCLUSIONS: The analyses show a clear reduction in PCa incidence rates from 2003 on, along with an increase in overall survival when comparing the earlier period with more recent years.

Assessing the Student Nurses' Knowledge of Oral Health Care.

Oral health is crucial for the overall well-being and quality of life, and nurses play a significant role in promoting it. This study assessed the oral health knowledge of fourth-grade nursing degree students. Seventy-two students completed a questionnaire covering sociodemographic variables, oral health-related factors, knowledge about oral health, and perceptions of its importance and learning experiences. The results showed that 83.3% of students attended regular dental check-ups for preventive purposes, and 55.6% had visited a dentist during the last year. Most of the students reported experiencing cavities (66.7%) and undergoing orthodontic treatment (54.2%). The average knowledge score in oral health was 6.4 out of 10, and students recognized the importance of oral health in the nursing role. However, their knowledge acquired during their nursing degree scored relatively low, being 2.5 out of 5. Notably, students who valued problem-based learning achieved higher knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Overall, fourth-grade nursing students demonstrated a moderate level of oral health knowledge. Improving oral health education within nursing curricula, particularly through problem-based learning, is essential to enhance their preparedness in addressing oral health issues effectively. This study was not registered.

Using simulation and electronic health records to train nursing students in prevention and health promotion interventions.

BACKGROUND: Prevention and health promotion activities are key to reducing prevalence and halting the progress of many chronic diseases. Standardised patient simulation is a useful option for training nursing students in this area. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate skills related to prevention and health promotion activities acquired by third-year nursing students through standardised patient simulation and electronic health records. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: A nursing faculty at a public university. PARTICIPANTS: The study population consisted of all third-year nursing students in the academic year 2017-2018 (N = 142). METHODS: The students attended three seminars on health promotion and prevention activities in adults, involving standardised patient simulation and electronic health record use. Skill acquisition was then evaluated through clinical case simulation in a fourth seminar. RESULTS: A total of 137 (96.5%) students participated in the study. The mean score for all cases evaluated was 6.76 (standard deviation 1.85) out of 10. The most frequent activities were greeting and self-introduction, checking vaccination status, assessing physical exercise and eating habits, and calculating body mass index. The least frequent activities were questions about high-risk sexual behaviour, drug use, bowel cancer screening and sun protection recommendations. When writing the nursing report, students found it hardest to plan future patient interventions. Also, 108 students made notes to set reminders of case-related activities. CONCLUSIONS: Third-year nursing students acquire good skills in health promotion and prevention activities. Some activities requiring a greater degree of confidence with the patient need to be reinforced, such as investigating high-risk sexual behaviour and drug use. Reinforcement is also needed in activities that are encountered less often in clinical practice, such as sun protection recommendations and bowel cancer screening. The use of electronic health records in conjunction with simulation enhances self-study.

Cintura hipertrigliceridémica en adultos pertenecientes al Policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en La Habana / Hypertriglyceridemic waist in adult patients belonging to Héroes del Moncada Polyclinic in Havana

Introducción: La hipertrigliceridemia es una forma de dislipidemia frecuentemente asociada con enfermedad ateroesclerótica. La obesidad se encuentra entre los factores de riesgo implicados en la aceleración del proceso ateroesclerótico. El desorden fisiopatológico provocado por el tejido adiposo disfuncionante es causa de afectaciones cardiovasculares, endocrinometabólicas y neoplásicas. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia con la circunferencia de la cintura en adultos mayores, a partir de la evaluación del índice de masa corporal, cintura-cadera y la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, según la edad y el sexo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado entre 2015-2017, con una muestra de 386 adultos de ambos sexos. La recogida de datos se realizó según el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS v16- y las técnicas de Chi-Square. Resultados: La edad media de la muestra fue de 55,5 años y el 70,6 por ciento eran mujeres. El 57 por ciento presentaba hipertrigliceridemia y el 63,4 por ciento un índice de masa corporal aumentado, un 37,8 por ciento de personas con sobrepeso y un 26,5 por ciento con obesidad. El índice de masa corporal fue superior en mujeres perimenopáusicas, en las que tuvieron el predominio de cintura hipertrigliceridémica. Se observó un incremento de obesidad abdominal con la edad. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, así como, la asociación existente entre los triglicéridos y la medida de la circunferencia de cintura, requiere una valoración sistemática por sexo y edad. La consulta de enfermería de la Atención Primaria es un lugar ideal para promover estrategias de intervención para monitorizar el riesgo clínico cardiovascular a través de los diferentes parámetros antropométricos(AU)

Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia is a form of dyslipidemia frequently associated with the atherosclerotic disease. Obesity is among the risk factors involved in the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. The pathophysiologic disorder caused by the dysfuncional adipose tissue is the cause of cardiovascular, endocrinometabolic and neoplastic diseases. Objective: To identify the relationship between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and waist circumference in older adults from the assessment of the body mass index, waist-hip ratio and the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, according to age and gender. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from 2015 to 2017, with a sample of 386 adults of both sexes. Data collection was performed according to the model of primary data collection of the Center for Research and of Atherosclerosis References of Havana. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS v16- software and the Chi-Square techniques. Results: The average age of the sample was 55.5 years and 70.6 percent were women. The 57 percent had hypertriglyceridemia and 63.4 percent an increased body mass index; 37.8 percent of the people had overweight and 26.5 percent had obesity. Body mass index was higher in perimenopausal women, who had a predominance of hypertriglyceridemic waist. It was noticed an increase of the abdominal obesity with aging. Conclusions: The cardiovascular risk factors as well as the association between triglycerides and the measure of waist circumference require a systematic assessment by sex and age. The nursing consultation in Primary Care is an ideal place to promote intervention strategies to monitor the cardiovascular clinical risk through the different anthropometric parameters(AU)

Cintura hipertrigliceridémica en adultos pertenecientes al Policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en La Habana / Hypertriglyceridemic waist in adult patients belonging to "Héroes del Moncada" Polyclinic in Havana

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertrigliceridemia es una forma de dislipidemia frecuentemente asociada con enfermedad ateroesclerótica. La obesidad se encuentra entre los factores de riesgo implicados en la aceleración del proceso ateroesclerótico. El desorden fisiopatológico provocado por el tejido adiposo disfuncionante es causa de afectaciones cardiovasculares, endocrinometabólicas y neoplásicas. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia con la circunferencia de la cintura en adultos mayores, a partir de la evaluación del índice de masa corporal, cintura-cadera y la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, según la edad y el sexo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado entre 2015-2017, con una muestra de 386 adultos de ambos sexos. La recogida de datos se realizó según el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS v16- y las técnicas de Chi-Square. Resultados: La edad media de la muestra fue de 55,5 años y el 70,6 % eran mujeres. El 57 % presentaba hipertrigliceridemia y el 63,4 % un índice de masa corporal aumentado, un 37,8 % de personas con sobrepeso y un 26,5 % con obesidad. El índice de masa corporal fue superior en mujeres perimenopáusicas, en las que tuvieron el predominio de cintura hipertrigliceridémica. Se observó un incremento de obesidad abdominal con la edad. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, así como, la asociación existente entre los triglicéridos y la medida de la circunferencia de cintura, requiere una valoración sistemática por sexo y edad. La consulta de enfermería de la Atención Primaria es un lugar ideal para promover estrategias de intervención para monitorizar el riesgo clínico cardiovascular a través de los diferentes parámetros antropométricos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia is a form of dyslipidemia frequently associated with the atherosclerotic disease. Obesity is among the risk factors involved in the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. The pathophysiologic disorder caused by the dysfuncional adipose tissue is the cause of cardiovascular, endocrinometabolic and neoplastic diseases. Objective: To identify the relationship between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and waist circumference in older adults from the assessment of the body mass index, waist-hip ratio and the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, according to age and gender. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from 2015 to 2017, with a sample of 386 adults of both sexes. Data collection was performed according to the model of primary data collection of the Center for Research and of Atherosclerosis References of Havana. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS v16- software and the Chi-Square techniques. Results: The average age of the sample was 55.5 years and 70.6% were women. The 57 % had hypertriglyceridemia and 63.4 % an increased body mass index; 37.8% of the people had overweight and 26.5 % had obesity. Body mass index was higher in perimenopausal women, who had a predominance of hypertriglyceridemic waist. It was noticed an increase of the abdominal obesity with aging. Conclusions: The cardiovascular risk factors as well as the association between triglycerides and the measure of waist circumference require a systematic assessment by sex and age. The nursing consultation in Primary Care is an ideal place to promote intervention strategies to monitor the cardiovascular clinical risk through the different anthropometric parameters.

Síndrome de la bolsa de orina púrpura: planificación de cuidados / Purple urine syndrome: Care planning

El síndrome de la bolsa de orina púrpura es una entidad poco frecuente, de condición benigna, caracterizada por una reacción química que provoca que la sonda vesical y la bolsa puedan teñirse de color rojo, azul o púrpura. Este fenómeno suele producirse en personas con pluripatología, portadores de sonda vesical y en el contexto de una infección del tracto urinario. Desarrollo del plan de cuidados: Desarrollamos un plan de cuidados mediante la revisión y análisis del caso de una mujer de 86 años, con diagnóstico de síndrome de la bolsa de orina púrpura. Se proponen los diagnósticos enfermeros con la taxonomía NANDA-I, los criterios de resultado con la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) y las intervenciones enfermeras con la Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). A su vez, se formulan los problemas de colaboración y el desarrollo de las actividades enfermeras que los acompañan. Discusión y conclusión: Es necesario el desarrollo de una planificación de cuidados individualizada y centrada en la persona con síndrome de la bolsa de orina púrpura para conseguir los criterios de resultado planificados y evitar la alarma que implica una decisión terapéutica equivocada y que puede alterar los resultados

The purple urine bag syndrome is an infrequent entity of benign condition but characterized by a chemical that consequence the urinary catheter and bag can get stained red, blue or purple. This phenomenon usually happens in pluripathological patients who carry a urinary catheter due to a urinary tract infection. Development of the care plan: We developed a care plan by reviewing and analyzing the case of an 86-year-old woman with a diagnosis of purple urine bag syndrome. Nursing diagnoses are proposed with the NANDA-I taxonomy, the outcome criteria with the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and the nursing interventions with the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). In turn, we deal with the problems of collaboration and the development of the nursing activities that accompany them. Discussion and conclusion: It is necessary to develop an individualized care planning centered in the person with purple urine bag syndrome to achieve the planned results criteria and avoid the alarm that implies a wrong therapeutics decision that can alter the results

[Public health competencies and contents of Nursing degree programs in Spanish universities]. / Competencias y contenidos de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería en las universidades españolas.

OBJECTIVE: The Forum of Public Health University Teachers aims to update the Public Health training in the degree studies. The aim was to determine the competences and basic contents of Public Health of Nursing Degree in Spain according to the criterion of the university academic staff. METHODS: Qualitative study, based on the nominal group technique. The snowball sampling was used to recruit Public Health professors of the Nursing degree, with full time dedication and preferably of the area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Finally, 17 professors from 11 public universities participated, who formed the Forum of University Professors of Public Health of the Nursing Degree, which was held at the University of Barcelona. RESULTS: Nursing professors selected 43 of the 80 competences which are recognized for Public Health professionals. The majority corresponded to the functions 'Assessing population health needs' and 'Developing health policies'. Professors also got to agree about 47 issues organized in 7 blocks, with contents on introduction of Public Health, demography, health determinants, epidemiology of communicable and non-communicable diseases, health systems and health management, and health promotion and education for health. CONCLUSIONS: The university teachers agreed on Public Health competencies and contents suitable for the Nursing Degree. This consensus constitutes a reference to elaborate educational guides of Public Health for Nursing Degree.

OBJECTIVO: El Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública pretende actualizar la formación de Salud Pública en los estudios de grado.El objetivo fue determinar las competencias y contenidos básicos de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería en España según el criterio del profesorado universitario. METODOS: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la técnica de grupo nominal. Se consultaron las guías docentes de las asignaturas de Salud Pública y se empleó la técnica bola de nieve para reclutar a profesorado de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería, con dedicación a tiempo completo y preferentemente del área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Participaron 17 docentes de 11 universidades públicas, que constituyeron el Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería, celebrado en la Universitat de Barcelona en enero de 2017. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 43 de las 80 competencias profesionales reconocidas para el ámbito de la Salud Pública. La mayoría, se correspondieron con las funciones de 'Valorar las necesidades de salud de la población' y 'Desarrollar las políticas de salud'. También se consensuaron 47 unidades temáticas organizadas en 7 bloques, con contenidos sobre introducción a la salud pública, demografía, determinantes de salud, epidemiología de enfermedades trasmisibles y no trasmisibles, sistemas sanitarios y gestión, y promoción y educación para la salud. CONCLUSIONES: El profesorado universitario consensuó competencias y contenidos de Salud Pública adecuados para el Grado de Enfermería. Dicho consenso constituye una referencia para elaborar guías docentes de Salud Pública en el Grado de Enfermería.

Competencias y contenidos de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería en las universidades españolas / Public health competencies and contents of Nursing degree programs in Spanish universities

Fundamentos: El Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública pretende actualizar la formación de Salud Pública en los estudios de grado. El objetivo fue determinar las competencias y contenidos básicos de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería en España según el criterio del profesorado universitario. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la técnica de grupo nominal. Se consultaron las guías docentes de las asignaturas de Salud Pública y se empleó la técnica bola de nieve para reclutar a profesorado de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería, con dedicación a tiempo completo y preferentemente del área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Participaron 17 docentes de 11 universidades públicas, que constituyeron el Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública del Grado de Enfermería, celebrado en la Universitat de Barcelona en enero de 2017. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 43 de las 80 competencias profesionales reconocidas para el ámbito de la Salud Pública. La mayoría, se correspondieron con las funciones de 'Valorar las necesidades de salud de la población' y 'Desarrollar las políticas de salud'. También se consensuaron 47 unidades temáticas organizadas en 7 bloques, con contenidos sobre introducción a la salud pública, demografía, determinantes de salud, epidemiología de enfermedades trasmisibles y no trasmisibles, sistemas sanitarios y gestión, y promoción y educación para la salud. Conclusiones: El profesorado universitario consensuó competencias y contenidos de Salud Pública adecuados para el Grado de Enfermería. Dicho consenso constituye una referencia para elaborar guías docentes de Salud Pública en el Grado de Enfermería

Background: The Forum of Public Health University Teachers aims to update the Public Health training in the degree studies. The aim was to determine the competences and basic contents of Public Health of Nursing Degree in Spain according to the criterion of the university academic staff. Methods: Qualitative study, based on the nominal group technique. The snowball sampling was used to recruit Public Health professors of the Nursing degree, with full time dedication and preferably of the area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Finally, 17 professors from 11 public universities participated, who formed the Forum of University Professors of Public Health of the Nursing Degree, which was held at the University of Barcelona. Results: Nursing professors selected 43 of the 80 competences which are recognized for Public Health professionals. The majority corresponded to the functions 'Assessing population health needs' and 'Developing health policies'. Professors also got to agree about 47 issues organized in 7 blocks, with contents on introduction of Public Health, demography, health determinants, epidemiology of communicable and non-communicable diseases, health systems and health management, and health promotion and education for health. Conclusions: The university teachers agreed on Public Health competencies and contents suitable for the Nursing Degree. This consensus constitutes a reference to elaborate educational guides of Public Health for Nursing Degree

Case-based learning and simulation: useful tools to enhance nurses' education? Nonrandomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To compare skills acquired by undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a medical-surgical course. To compare skills demonstrated by students with no previous clinical practice (undergraduates) and nurses with clinical experience enrolled in continuing professional education (CPE). DESIGN: In a nonrandomized clinical trial, 101 undergraduates enrolled in the "Adult Patients 1" course were assigned to the traditional lecture and discussion (n = 66) or lecture and discussion plus case-based learning (n = 35) arm of the study; 59 CPE nurses constituted a comparison group to assess the effects of previous clinical experience on learning outcomes. METHODS: Scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), using a human patient simulator and cases validated by the National League for Nursing, were compared for the undergraduate control and intervention groups, and for CPE nurses (Student's t test). FINDINGS: Controls scored lower than the intervention group on patient assessment (6.3 ± 2.3 vs 7.5 ± 1.4, p = .04, mean difference, -1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.4 to -0.03]) but the intervention group did not differ from CPE nurses (7.5 ± 1.4 vs 8.8 ± 1.5, p = .06, mean difference, -1.3 [95% CI -2.6 to 0.04]). The CPE nurses committed more "rules-based errors" than did undergraduates, specifically patient identifications (77.2% vs 55%, p = .7) and checking allergies before administering medication (68.2% vs 60%, p = .1). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention group developed better patient assessment skills than the control group. Case-based learning helps to standardize the process, which can contribute to quality and consistency in practice: It is essential to correctly identify a problem in order to treat it. Clinical experience of CPE nurses was not associated with better adherence to safety protocols. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Case-based learning improves the patient assessment skills of undergraduate nursing students, thereby preparing them for clinical practice.

[Cocaine abuse and multiple use of psychoactive substances in university students]. / Consumo de cocaína y policonsumo de sustancias psicoactivas en jóvenes universitarios.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of cocaine consumption among university students and to analyse the use of other drugs among the regular cocaine consumers. METHOD: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study performed within the Education, Sciences and Psychology Faculties and the Nursing and Polytechnic Schools belonging to the University of Girona. The selected sample included 2139 first year university students. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to obtain the information regarding gender, age, Faculty, and the status of consume. RESULTS: The participants were 47.2% males and 52.8% females, with an age range between 17 and 35 years old (median=21 years, SD=3.14). One per-cent of the participants considered themselves usual cocaine consumers. Nine out of every 10 students also use alcohol (95.2%) and cannabis (90.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown that university students have health threatening habits, such as cocaine abuse. It is more common the use of other drugs among cocaine users than among non-consumers. Preventive and educational programs at the university may be required to reduce and prevent toxic substances abuse among university students.

Consumo de cocaína y policonsumo de sustancias psicoactivas en jóvenes universitarios / Cocaine abuse and multiple use of psychoactive substances in university students

Objetivos Conocer la prevalencia de consumo de cocaína en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios y analizar el uso de otras sustancias por parte de los consumidores habituales de esta droga. Método Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal realizado en las Facultades de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias y las Escuelas de Enfermería y Politécnica Superior de la Universidad de Girona. La muestra analizada fue de 2.139 estudiantes de primer ciclo. Las variables de estudio fueron demográficas y específicas sobre el consumo de drogas. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia que agrupa información sobre el género, la edad y la facultad de procedencia de los participantes, así como su estatus de consumo. Resultados El 47,2% son chicos y el 52,8% son chicas de edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 35 años (media=21 años y DE=3,14). Un 1% de los participantes informan que son consumidores habituales de cocaína. Nueve de cada diez estudiantes consumen, además, alcohol (95,2%) y (..) (AU)

Objectives To identify the prevalence of cocaine consumption among university students and to analyse the use of other drugs among the regular cocaine consumers. Method An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study performed within the Education, Sciences and Psychology Faculties and the Nursing and Polytechnic Schools belonging to the University of Girona. The selected sample included 2139 first year university students. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to obtain the information regarding gender, age, Faculty, and the status of consume. Results The participants were 47.2% males and 52.8% females, with an age range between 17 and 35 years old (median=21 years, SD=3.14). One per-cent of the participants considered themselves usual cocaine consumers. Nine out of every 10 students also use alcohol (95.2%) and cannabis (..) (AU)