ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos anatomopatológicos sugerem a associação de remodelamento vascular positivo e placas coronárias vulneráveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se existe correlação entre o grau de remodelamento vascular positivo e o porcentual de núcleo necrótico em lesões ateroscleróticas coronárias. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 270 cortes transversais obtidos pela Histologia Virtual® de 30 pacientes, os quais apresentavam remodelamento positivo em segmento de artéria coronária com lesão > 50%, identificada pela angiografia coronária. Foram avaliados 7 cortes transversais por segmento de artéria coronária, incluindo o corte transversal com o maior índice de remodelamento arterial, denominado corte transversal de interesse (corte transversal 4). RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 60,8 ± 8,8 anos, 80% eram do sexo masculino e 30% diabéticos. Angina instável foi a apresentação clínica mais frequente (56,6%) e a artéria descendente anterior foi o vaso mais analisado (43%). A área de referência do vaso foi de 15,5 ± 4,9 mm² e o índice de remodelamento no corte transversal 4 foi de 1,2 ± 0,1. Análise de variância de medidas repetidas mostrou maior porcentual de núcleo necrótico no corte transversal de interesse (P < 0,001). Observamos correlação positiva do remodelamento arterial coronário com o núcleo necrótico (r = 0,79; P < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O remodelamento positivo da artéria coronária está associado à presença de núcleo necrótico, o qual caracteriza placas ateromatosas vulneráveis. A pesquisa de remodelamento arterial positivo pode ser estratégia útil para a detecção de placas vulneráveis antes de sua ruptura.
BACKGROUND: Anatomopathological studies suggest an association of positive vascular remodeling and vulnerable coronary plaques. The objective of this study was to verify whether there is a correlation between positive vascular remodeling and necrotic core in atherosclerotic coronary lesions. METHODS: We studied 270 cross sections obtained by Virtual Histology® in 30 patients who had positive remodeling in coronary artery segments with lesions > 50%, identified by coronary angiography. Seven cross sections were assessed per segment of coronary artery, including the cross section with the highest remodeling index, denominated cross section of interest (cross section 4). RESULTS: Mean age was 60.8 ± 8.8 years, 80% were male and 30% were diabetic. Unstable angina was the most frequent clinical presentation (56.6%) and the left anterior descending artery was the most analyzed vessel (43%). The vessel reference area was 15.5 ± 4.9 mm² and the remodeling index in cross section 4 was 1.2 ± 0.1. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a higher percentage of necrotic core in the cross section of interest (P < 0.001). We observed a positive correlation of coronary artery remodeling and necrotic core (r = 0.79; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Positive coronary artery remodeling is associated to the presence of necrotic core, which characterizes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. The search for positive arterial remodeling may be a useful strategy for detecting vulnerable plaques before rupture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Stenosis/physiopathology , Ultrasonography/methods , Coronary Vessels/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To test the local delivery of sirolimus nanoparticles following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to treat in-stent restenosis (ISR) in a swine model. BACKGROUND: Coronary bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation reduces major adverse cardiac events when compared with PTCA; however, ISR rates remain high. METHODS: Eighteen swine underwent BMS deployment guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Of these, 16 developed ISR (1 stent/swine) and underwent angioplasty with a noncompliant balloon (PTCA-NC). The animals were then randomized into four groups for local infusion of sirolimus nanoparticles through a porous balloon catheter, as follows: (1) PTCA-NC alone (control); (2) PTCA-NC + (polylactic acid)-based nanoparticle formulation (anionic 1); (3) PTCA-NC + (polylactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticle formulation (anionic 2); and (4) PTCA-NC + Eudragit RS nanoparticle formulation (cationic). Coronary angiography and IVUS follow-up were performed 28 days after ISR treatment. RESULTS: There was one episode of acute coronary occlusion with the cationic formulation. Late area loss was similar in all groups at 28 days according to IVUS. However, luminal volume loss (control = 20.7%, anionic 1 = 4.0%, anionic 2 = 6.7%, cationic = 9.6%; P = 0.01) and neointimal volume gain (control = 68.7%, anionic 1 = 17.4%, anionic 2 = 29.5%, cationic = 31.2%; P = 0.019) were significantly reduced in all treatment groups, especially in anionic 1. CONCLUSIONS: PTCA-NC followed by local infusion of sirolimus nanoparticles was safe and efficacious to reduce neointima in this model, and this strategy may be a promising treatment for BMS ISR. Further studies are required to validate this method in humans.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheters , Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage , Coronary Restenosis/therapy , Coronary Vessels/drug effects , Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation , Nanoparticles , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Sirolimus/administration & dosage , Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Animals , Cardiovascular Agents/chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Restenosis/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Carriers , Equipment Design , Infusions, Parenteral , Lactic Acid/chemistry , Neointima , Polyesters , Polyglycolic Acid/chemistry , Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer , Polymers/chemistry , Porosity , Sirolimus/chemistry , Swine , Time Factors , Ultrasonography, InterventionalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Statins have anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties irrespective of their cholesterol-lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a simvastatin-eluting stent (SimvES) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two patients with de novo coronary artery lesions were assigned to SimvES, bare-metal stent (BMS) or everolimus-eluting stent (EES) implantation followed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for neointimal quantitative analysis. Six months later, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and IVUS were repeated. QCA showed no binary restenosis, a mean in-stent late loss of 1.05 ± 0.25 mm (BMS, 1.12 ± 0.48 mm; EES, 0.20 ± 0.16 mm) and a diameter stenosis of 33.5 ± 7.1% (BMS, 35.5 ± 15.30%; EES, 7.2 ± 3.12%). Control IVUS showed a mean in-stent obstruction of 18.3 ± 9.4% (BMS, 32.8 ± 19.1%; EES, 9.8 ± 2.4%) and a neointimal volume index of 1.58 ± 0.75 mm(3)/mm (BMS, 2.93 ± 1.76 mm(3)/mm; EES, 0.80 ± 0.16 mm(3)/mm). Thrombus, late incomplete apposition and major adverse cardiac events were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients with de novo coronary lesions, the use of a SimvES was not related to major adverse cardiac events, but it was associated with a higher level of neointimal proliferation than expected.
Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects , Coronary Restenosis/pathology , Drug-Eluting Stents/adverse effects , Neointima/pathology , Simvastatin/adverse effects , Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Restenosis/etiology , Everolimus , Female , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Male , Middle Aged , Neointima/etiology , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Sirolimus/adverse effects , Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives , Sirolimus/pharmacology , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methodsABSTRACT
Introdução: O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) persiste comoimportante causa de morbidade e mortalidade. Este estudo visa a delinear o panorama nacional da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) no cenário do IAM, analisando diferentes períodos e regiões do Brasil, com enfoque na ICP primária e nos tratamentos adjuntos farmacológicos e mecânicos.Métodos: Foram analisados dados de 20.004 pacientes com diagnóstico de IAM com supradesnivelamento dosegmento ST (IAMCSST) e submetidos a ICP, provenientes do Registro CENIC (Central Nacional de Intervenções Cardiovasculares), de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2010. Esses dados são oriundos de 252 centros localizados em22 Estados das cinco regiões do País. Resultados: A ICP primária correspondeu a 57,8% das ICPs realizadas no contexto do IAM, seguida de ICP eletiva pós-IAMCSST (35,7%), ICP de resgate (6,1%) e ICP facilitada (0,4%). A evolução ao longo dos anos evidencia aumento progressivo do número de ICPs primárias no Brasil, partindo de 56,7% do total em 2006 para 71,6% em 2010. O tempo médio porta-balão da ICP primária no Brasil nesse período foi de 2 horas. A aspiração de trombos aumentou de 0,4%em 2006 para 8,2% dos casos em 2010. A taxa média de sucesso do procedimento foi de 93,8%, enquanto a de óbito hospitalar foi de apenas 2,8%. Conclusões: A ICP no cenário do IAMCSST vem apresentando avanços de 2006 a 2010, embora de maneira heterogênea nas diferentes regiões doBrasil, mediante aumento das taxas de ICP primária e maior utilização de dispositivos de aspiração de trombo, osquais ainda não foram incorporados na rotina. Investimentos em recursos humanos e implementação de protocolos de atendimento constituem elementos essenciais para a otimização do tempo porta-balão e para a melhora dos resultados clínicos.
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to outline the national profile of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in the setting of AMI, analyzing different time periods and geographic regions, with focus on primary PCI and adjunctive pharmacological and mechanical treatments. Methods: Data from 20,004 patients with ST elevationmyocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing PCI and included in the CENIC Registry (National Center of Cardiovascular Interventions) from January 2006 to December 2010 wereincluded in this study. Data were obtained from 252 centers located in 22 states from five different geographic regions in the country. Results: Primary PCI accounted for 57.8% of PCI performed in the setting of AMI, followed by elective PCI after STEMI (35.7%), rescue PCI (6.1%) and facilitated PCI (0.4%). The evolution over time showed a progressiveincrease in the number of primary PCIs in Brazil, from 56.7% in 2006 to 71.6% in 2010. The mean door-to-balloon timeof primary PCI in Brazil during this period was 2 hours. Thrombus aspiration increased from 0.4% in 2006 to 8.2%of cases in 2010. Procedural success rate was 93.8%, while in-hospital mortality was only 2.8%. Conclusions: PCI in the setting of STEMI has improved from 2006 to 2010, althoughheterogeneously in the different regions of Brazil, due to increased primary PCI rates and higher use of thrombusaspiration devices, which have not been incorporated in the routine practice. Investments in staff training and implementation of clinical protocols are essential to optimize the door-to-balloon time and improve clinical outcomes.
