Preliminary Study on Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate for the Treatment of Persons Infected with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19 is a leading cause of ill-health and deaths worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 has no known widely approved therapeutics. Thus, the need for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the safety and efficacy of two (2) therapeutic agents; chloroquine phosphate (CQ), 2- hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a control (standard supportive therapy) among hospitalized adults with COVID-19. METHODS: The clinical trial was done in accordance to the World Health Organization master protocol for investigational therapeutics for COVID-19. Atotal of 40 participants with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 were enrolled. Blood samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were obtained on days 1,3,15 and 29 for safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS: The baseline demographics showed that the median ages in years (range) were 45 (31-57) in CQ, 45 (36.5-60.5) in HCQ, 43 (39.5-67.0) and 44.5 (25.3-51.3) in the control (P<0.042).At randomization, seven (7) participants were asymptomatic, thirty-three (33) had mild symptoms, eight (8) had moderate symptoms while three (3) had severe symptoms. The average day of conversion to negative COVID-19 was 15.5 days for CQ, 16 days for HCQ and 18 days for the control(P=0.036). CONCLUSION: The safety assessment revealed no adverse effect of the drugs in COVID-19 patients after treatment. These findings proved that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. It also confirmed that they are safe.

CONTEXTE: Le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SARS-CoV-2),agentcausaldelaCOVID-19, est l'unedes principales causes demaladie et de décès dans le monde. À l'heure actuelle, il n'existe aucun traitement largement approuvé pour la COVID-19. Ainsi, ilya un besoin de traitement efficace. OBJECTIFS: Nous avons étudié l'innocuité et l'efficacité de deux (2) agents thérapeutiques, le phosphate de chloroquine (CQ) et l'hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ainsi qu'un groupe témoin (traitement de soutien standard) chez des adultes hospitalisés atteints de la COVID-19.MÉTHODES: L'essai clinique a été mené conformément au protocole maître de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé pour les thérapeutiques à l'étude de la COVID-19. Au total, 40 participants atteints de la COVID-19, confirmée en laboratoire, ont été in scrits. Des échantillons de sang et des prélèvements oropharyngés (PO) ont été effectuésauxjours1,3,15et29pourévaluerl'innocuitéetl'efficacité. RÉSULTATS: Les données démographiques initiales ont révélé que l'âge médian en années (plage) était de 45 (31-57) pour le groupe CQ, de 45 (36,5-60,5) pour le groupe HCQ, de 43 (39,5-67,0) et de 44,5 (25,3-51,3) pour le groupe témoin (P<0,042). À la randomisation, sept (7) participants étaient asymptomatiques, trente-trois (33) présentaient des symptômes bénins, huit(8) avaient des symptômes modérés, tandis que trois(3) avaient des symptômes graves. Le jour moyende conversionentest COVID-19 négatif était de 15,5 jours pour le groupe CQ, de 16 jours pour le groupe HCQ et de 18 jours pourle groupe témoin (P=0,036). CONCLUSION: L'évaluation de la sécurité n'a révélé aucun effet indésirable des médicaments chez les patients atteints de la COVID-19 après le traitement. Ces conclusions ont prouvé que la chloroquine et l'hydroxychloroquine sont efficaces pour le traitement de la COVID-19 chez les adultes hospitalisés. Cela a également confirmé qu' ilssont sûrs. Mots-clés: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, essai clinique, innocuité, efficacité, thérapeutiques.

Anthrax toxins-producing Bacillus spp. isolated from handwashing stations during COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: The virulence binding factor, protective antigen (pag) and poly-D-γ-glutamate capsular (cap) genes, peculiar to Bacillus anthracis are located in the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids which are transferable horizontally to related species called "cereus group". The cereus group are usually isolated from the environmental/food samples and have been implicated in debilitating human and animal anthrax-like diseases. This study was designed to investigate the presence of the anthrax virulence genes in different Bacillus spp. isolated from handwashing facilities during COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The Bacillus anthracis (OK316847), B. thuringiensis (OK316855), B. amyloliquefaciens (OK316857), B. cereus (OK316858) and B. thuringiensis (OK316859) previously isolated from rinsates and bowl water in two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state were further investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pag and cap genes using specific primers. RESULTS: Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus co-harboured the two 578 bp cap and 364 bp pag genes while B. thuringiensis only harboured the cap gene. Similarly, the non-cereus B. amyloliquefaciens was found to habour the pag gene. CONCLUSIONS: The two anthrax toxin genes were amplified in the Bacillus spp isolated from rinsates and bowl water used in hand washing in the two study LGAs. Given that these virulence genes have a global consequence and are a potential threat to life, this study calls for an extensive surveillance, and reassessment of gene regulators and plasmid distribution among these strains in our environment.

Intimate Partner Violence and Risk Factors among Women during the COVID-19 Movement Restriction in Nigeria: An Online Survey.

BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of treatment or the presence of vaccines is forcing nations to respond with strong preventive measures ranging from mitigation, containment, and in extreme cases, quarantines. While these measures are a useful measure of infection control, they can lead to significant social, economic, and psychological consequences. This study sought to establish the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 movement restriction in Nigeria among girls and women. METHODS: An online-based questionnaire survey using Google Forms was conducted over four weeks among girls and women aged 15 years and above. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, and logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for IPV experience during the lockdown. RESULTS: Overall, 32.8% of respondents reported ever experiencing IPV, and 42.5% experienced IPV during the lockdown. Verbal (35.1%) and psychological (24.1%) violence were the commonest forms of violence in the study. There was considerable overlap between the various forms of IPV in the study. Age less than 35 years (aOR = 1.3; CI = 1.2 - 1.4), resident in the northeast region (aOR=1.6; CI=1.41.9), alcohol (aOR=1.3;CI=1.2-1.5) and substance (aOR = 1.5; CI = 1.3 - 1.8) use, average family monthly income < $100 (aOR = 1.4;CI=1.2 - 1.5), daily or weekly income (aOR = 2.7; CI = 2.5-3.1) had an increased association with IPV during the lockdown, residency in the southeast region had lower odds of experiencing IPV (aOR=.0.5; CI = 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSION: The reported lockdown prevalence of IPV was 42.8%, with verbal and psychological violence being the most prevalent form of IPV. Age less than 35 years, resident in northeast and southeast, use of alcohol or substances, average family monthly income < $100, and partner being a daily-weekly earner was associated with IPV experience. Policymakers in the future should consider the consequences, including IPV, before issuing such an order.

CONTEXTE: La propagation rapide de l'infection par le CoV-2 du SRAS en l'absence de traitement ou présence de vaccins oblige les nations à réagir par des mesures préventives fortes allant de l'atténuation à l'endiguement et, dans les cas extrêmes, à la mise en quarantaine. Bien que ces mesures soient utiles pour contrôler l'infection, elles peuvent avoir des conséquences sociales, économiques et psychologiques importantes. Cette étude visait à établir la prévalence et les facteurs de risque de la violence exercée par le partenaire intime au cours de la restriction de mouvement du COVID-19 au Nigeria, chez les filles et les femmes. MÉTHODES: Une enquête par questionnaire en ligne utilisant google form a été menée pendant quatre semaines auprès de filles et de femmes âgées de 15 ans et plus. L'analyse des données a été réalisée à l'aide de la version 20 de SPSS et une régression logistique a été utilisée pour déterminer les facteurs de risque de violence conjugale pendant la période de restriction. RÉSULTATS: Dans l'ensemble, 32,8 % des personnes interrogées ont déclaré avoir déjà subi des VPI, et 42,5 % ont subi des VPI pendant l'enfermement. La violence verbale (35,1 %) et la violence psychologique (24,1 %) étaient les formes de violence les plus courantes dans l'étude. Il y avait un chevauchement considérable entre les différentes formes de VPI dans l'étude. L'âge inférieur à 35 ans (aOR=1,3 ; CI= 1,2 - 1,4), la résidence dans la région nord-est (aOR=1,6; CI=1,4-1,9), la consommation d'alcool (aOR=1,3; CI=1,2 - 1,5) et de substances (aOR=1,5 ; CI = 1,3 - 1,8), le revenu mensuel moyen de la famille < 100 $ (aOR=1. 4 ; IC = 1,2 - 1,5), le revenu quotidien ou hebdomadaire (aOR = 2,7 ; IC = 2,5-3,1) était davantage associé à la VPI pendant le lockdown, la résidence dans la région du sud-est avait moins de chances d'être victime de VPI (aOR = 0,0,5 ; IC = 0,3-0,8). CONCLUSION: La prévalence de la VPI pendant le lockdown était de 42,8 %, la violence verbale et psychologique étant la forme de VPI la plus répandue. L'âge inférieur à 35 and, le fait de résider dans le nord-est et le sud-est, la consommation d'alcool ou de substances, le revenu mensuel moyen de la famille inférieur à 100 dollars et le fait que le partenaire gagne sa vie toutes les semaines étaient associés à l'expérience de la VPI. À l'avenir, les décideurs politiques devraient prendre en compte les conséquences, y compris la VPI, avant d'émettre un tel ordre. Mots-clés: Violence entre partenaires intimes, COVID-19, Lockdowns, Nigeria, Violence fondée sur le genre.

Comparing the Nigeria National Health Insurance Scheme Act, 2004 and the National Health Insurance Authority Act, 2022 - What is New and its Implications for the Health System.

BACKGROUND: Currently, <10% of Nigerians are insured by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and this among other things has led to the signing of the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) Act in May 2022, which aims at ensuring the effective implementation of a national health insurance policy and attainment of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the new features of the NHIA Act and its policy implications for the Nigerian health system. METHODS: A modified Delphi method was used for extracting the differences in the two Acts. A total of three rounds of reviews were carried out among 5 reviewers within three weeks. Differences were tabulated and also presented in prose. FINDINGS: The NHIA Act makes health insurance mandatory for all residents of Nigeria with the introduction of the vulnerable group fund and implementation of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund through the established State Health Insurance Schemes. Unlike the NHIS which is a Scheme, the NHIA is an Authority and has an expanded function to regulate, promote, manage and integrate all health insurance schemes and practices in Nigeria. Also, funds management has been transferred from Health Maintenance Organizations to the State Health Insurance Schemes and the Health Maintenance Organizations are now excluded from the Governing Council. CONCLUSION: Certainly, the journey towards UHC could be safer and more equitable with health insurance now mandatory for all Nigerians and the introduction of vulnerable group funds in the new Act. This will eliminate the catastrophic expenses of poor Nigerians if the Act is correctly implemented.

CONTEXTE: Actuellement, moins de 10 % des Nigérians sont assurés par le régime national d'assurance maladie (NHIS), ce qui a conduit à la signature de la loi sur l'Autorité nationale d'assurance maladie (NHIA) en mai 2022, qui vise à assurer la mise en œuvre effective d'un régime national d'assurance maladie. politique d'assurance maladie et réalisation de la Couverture santé universelle au Nigeria. OBJECTIF: mettre en évidence les nouvelles caractéristiques de la loi NHIA et ses implications politiques pour le système de santé nigérian. METHODES: Une méthode Delphi modifiée a été utilisée pour extraire les différences entre les deux lois. Au total, trois séries d'examens ont été menées auprès de 5 examinateurs en trois semaines. Les différences ont été tabulées et également présentées en prose. RESULTATS: La loi NHIA rend l'assurance maladie obligatoire pour tous les résidents du Nigéria avec l'introduction du fonds pour les groupes vulnérables et la mise en œuvre du fonds de prestation de soins de santé de base par le biais des régimes d'assurance maladie établis par l'État. Contrairement au NHIS qui est un régime, le NHIA est une autorité et a une fonction élargie pour réglementer, promouvoir, gérer et intégrer tous les régimes et pratiques d'assurance maladie au Nigéria. En outre, la gestion financière a été transférée des organismes de gestion de la santé aux régimes publics d'assurance maladie, les organismes de gestion de la santé étant exclus du conseil d'administration. CONCLUSION: Certes, le parcours vers la CSU pourrait être plus sûr et plus équitable avec une assurance maladie désormais obligatoire pour tous les Nigérians et l'introduction de fonds pour les groupes vulnérables dans la nouvelle loi. Cela éliminera les dépenses catastrophiques des Nigérians pauvres si la loi est correctement mise en œuvre. Mots-clés: Assurance maladie, système de santé, NHIA, NHIS, Nigeria.

Effects of Mitral Valve Prolapse on Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation and Ejection Fraction Using Cardiac MRI.

Purpose: To determine the impact of prolapsed volume on regurgitant volume (RegV), regurgitant fraction (RF), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) using cardiac MRI. Materials and Methods: Patients with MVP and mitral regurgitation who underwent cardiac MRI from 2005 to 2020 were identified retrospectively from the electronic record. RegV is the difference between left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) and aortic flow. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and LVSV were obtained from volumetric cine images, with prolapsed volume inclusion (LVESVp, LVSVp) and exclusion (LVESVa, LVSVa) providing two estimates of RegV (RegVp, RegVa), RF (RFp, RFa), and LVEF (LVEFa, LVEFp). Interobserver agreement for LVESVp was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RegV was also calculated independently using measurements from mitral inflow and aortic net flow phase-contrast imaging as the reference standard (RegVg). Results: The study included 19 patients (mean age, 28 years ± 16 [SD]; 10 male patients). Interobserver agreement for LVESVp was high (ICC, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99). Prolapsed volume inclusion resulted in higher LVESV (LVESVp: 95.4 mL ± 34.7 vs LVESVa: 82.4 mL ± 33.8; P < .001), lower LVSV (LVSVp: 100.5 mL ± 33.8 vs LVSVa: 113.5 mL ± 35.9; P < .001), and lower LVEF (LVEFp: 51.7% ± 5.7 vs LVEFa: 58.6% ± 6.3; P < .001). RegV was larger in magnitude when prolapsed volume was excluded (RegVa: 39.4 mL ± 21.0 vs RegVg: 25.8 mL ± 22.8; P = .02), with no evidence of a difference when including prolapsed volume (RegVp: 26.4 mL ± 16.4 vs RegVg: 25.8 mL ± 22.8; P > .99). Conclusion: Measurements that included prolapsed volume most closely reflected mitral regurgitation severity, but inclusion of this volume resulted in a lower LVEF.Keywords: Cardiac, MRI© RSNA, 2023See also commentary by Lee and Markl in this issue.

Determinants of Antimicrobial Use for Covid-19 Related Symptoms among Nigerians.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial use plays a key role in development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Following the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the report of the first confirmed case in Nigeria, several states embarked on either a full or partial lockdown as a measure to prevent or curtail the spread of the virus with its attendant challenges. This survey was designed to provide a snapshot of public antimicrobial use and common perception related to antimicrobial use for COVID-19 related symptoms among Nigerian populace. METHODS: We developed and tested a 29-question electronic questionnaire with Google forms asking respondents about their antimicrobial use and perceptions regarding appropriate antimicrobial use for real or perceived symptoms during the outbreak period. Respondents aged 18 years and above were recruited through crowd sourcing and they received the link to the survey tool through emails and social media including WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. All data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: A total of 410 responses were received from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria comprising 200 (48.8%) females and 210 (51.2%) males. Majority (62.9%) of the respondents had taken antimicrobials in the 3 months period preceding the survey, while less than half (46.8%) received prescription for it. Previous intake of antimicrobial for similar illness was a predictor of antimicrobial intake (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.30-1.01). The most consumed antimicrobial was antimalarial drugs, specifically Artemisinin-based combination therapy (43.4%), followed by antibiotics [Ciprofloxacin (20.2%)]. CONCLUSION: There was high levels of antimicrobial use for COVID-19 related symptoms by the Nigerian public. This is likely to escalate the already high prevalence of antimicrobial use previously reported and may further fuel the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

CONTEXTE: L'utilisation d'antimicrobiens joue un rôle clé dans le développement et la propagation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens. À la suite de la pandémie mondiale de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) et du rapport du premier cas confirmé au Nigéria, plusieurs États se sont engagés dans un verrouillage complet ou partiel en tant que mesure pour prévenir ou freiner la propagation du virus avec ses défis associés. Cette enquête a été conçue pour fournir un aperçu de l'utilisation publique des antimicrobiens et de la perception commune liée à l'utilisation des antimicrobiens pour les symptômes liés au COVID-19 parmi la population nigériane. MÉTHODES: Nous avons développé et testé un questionnaire électronique de 29 questions avec des formulaires Google interrogeant les répondants sur leur utilisation d'antimicrobiens et leurs perceptions concernant l'utilisation appropriée d'antimicrobiens pour les symptômes réels ou perçus pendant la période d'épidémie. Les répondants âgés de 18 ans et plus ont été recrutés via le crowdsourcing et ils ont reçu le lien vers l'outil d'enquête via des e-mails et des médias sociaux, notamment WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn et Instagram. Toutes les analyses de données ont été effectuées à l'aide de la version 26.0 de SPSS. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 410 réponses ont été reçues des six zones géopolitiques du Nigéria comprenant 200 (48,8%) femmes et 210 (51,2%) hommes. La majorité (62,9%) des répondants avaient pris des antimicrobiens au cours des 3 mois précédant l'enquête, tandis que moins de la moitié (46,8%) en avaient reçu une prescription. La prise antérieure d'antimicrobiens pour une maladie similaire était un prédicteur de l'ingestion d'antimicrobiens (OR: 0,55, IC à 95%: 0,30-1,01). L'antimicrobien le plus consommé était les antipaludiques, en particulier les associations thérapeutiques à base d'artémisinine (43,4%), suivis des antibiotiques [Ciprofloxacine (20,2%)]. CONCLUSION: Il y avait des niveaux élevés d'utilisation d'antimicrobiens pour les symptômes liés au COVID-19 par le public nigérian. Cela est susceptible d'augmenter la prévalence déjà élevée de l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens rapportée précédemment et peut encore alimenter l'émergence de la résistance aux antimicrobiens.

Assessment of knowledge of participants on basic molecular biology techniques after 5-day intensive molecular biology training workshops in Nigeria.

The deployment of molecular biology techniques for diagnosis and research in Nigeria is faced with a number of challenges, including the cost of equipment and reagents coupled with the dearth of personnel skilled in the procedures and handling of equipment. Short molecular biology training workshops were conducted at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), to improve the knowledge and skills of laboratory personnel and academics in health, research, and educational facilities. Five-day molecular biology workshops were conducted annually between 2011 and 2014, with participants drawn from health, research facilities, and the academia. The courses consisted of theoretical and practical sessions. The impact of the workshops on knowledge and skill acquisition was evaluated by pre- and post-tests which consisted of 25 multiple choice and other questions. Sixty-five participants took part in the workshops. The mean knowledge of molecular biology as evaluated by the pre- and post-test assessments were 8.4 (95% CI 7.6-9.1) and 13.0 (95 CI 11.9-14.1), respectively. The mean post-test score was significantly greater than the mean pre-test score (p < 0.0001). The five-day molecular biology workshop significantly increased the knowledge and skills of participants in molecular biology techniques. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):313-317, 2017.

First Detection of OXA-10 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and the Occurrence of mexR and nfxB in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The characterization of ß-lactamase production in Pseudomonasaeruginosa is rarely reported in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characterize the different ß-lactamases as well as mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistance among P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical sources from Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Isolates were investigated using PCR, RFLP and sequencing for the detection of various ß-lactamases and efflux pump regulator genes. RESULT: The prevalence of OXA-10, AmpC, CTX-M and SHV in P. aeruginosa was 80, 70, 5 and 5%, respectively. The coexistence of blaOXA-10 with blaAmpC, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was reported in 40, 5 and 5% of isolates, respectively. The efflux pump regulator genes mexR and nfxB were both amplified in 45% of the OXA-10-positive isolates. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the characterization of OXA-10 extended-spectrum ß-lactamases and occurrence of mexR and nfxB efflux regulator genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Nigeria.

Analysis of integrons and associated gene cassettes in clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Southwest Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbours integrons and other mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons, which easily disseminate antibiotic resistance genes among clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. METHODOLOGY: Plasmid extraction of 54 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was carried out by alkaline lysis method; and plasmid size estimation was done by using E. coli V517 standard plasmid marker. Fifty-four clinical strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from 5 hospitals in 3 Southwestern states of Nigeria between March and September 2010. Plasmid extraction of isolates was carried out by alkaline lysis method; and plasmid size estimation was done by using E. coli V517 standard plasmid marker. PCR amplification for the 3 classes of resistance integrons, and gene cassette characterization were carried out using specific primers and by sequencing of PCR products. Conjugal mating of the integron positive P. aeruginosa strains with E. coli DH5α was performed to demonstrate transferability of integrons and gene cassettes. RESULT: Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA revealed that all the 54 P. aeruginosa harboured 1-4 plasmids with sizes ranging from 2.2 - >58 kb. Class 1 integron was identified in 31 (57%) strains; but none of them carried class 2 and class 3 integrons. High prevalence of aadA gene conferring resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin was detected in the strains positive for class 1 integron. Sequencing of the 1.6 kb and 1.2 kb amplified band of gene cassettes revealed the presence of aadA6-orfD and aadA13 respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the presence of plasmids and integrons harbouring resistance gene cassettes, which may collectively constitute an efficient system for dissemination of resistance genes in P. aeruginosa. Disturbingly, the rapid and unabated spread of class 1 integron-associated multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa in Southwest Nigeria may greatly hamper successful treatment of infections caused by such strains. This necessitates the establishment of functional antimicrobial resistance surveillance programmes in Nigeria.

Antibacterial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected vegetables grown in nigeria: a preliminary report

Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known probiotics and have been reported to have antimicrobial properties. Although various researchers have documented the isolation of these bacteria from fruits and vegetables; studies on LAB associated with lettuce; cucumber and cabbage are limited and non-existing in Nigeria. This study was designed to assess lettuce; cucumber and cabbage as potential sources of LAB and investigate the actions of their bacterial cell supernatants (BCS) on some pathogenic bacteria. Using standard microbiological methods; isolated LAB were identified to species level with API 50 CH kits (Biomerieux; France). Cell free supernatants (CFS) from de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth cultures of the LAB strains were used to challenge Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853; Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212; Escherichia coli ATCC 12900 and Proteus penneri ATCC 13315 by agar well diffusion method. The control consisted of the sterile MRS broth subjected to the same growth conditions as LAB broth cultures. A total of four lactic acid bacteria were isolated as follows: Pediococcus pentosaceus 2 from cucumber; Lactobacillus cellobiosus from cabbage; Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus plantarum 1 from lettuce. Pediococcus pentosaceus 2 and L. salivarius showed inhibitory effects on all the standard strains tested while L. plantarum 1 showed no inhibitory activity against E. faecalis and E. coli. Lactobacillus cellobiosus showed inhibition against all except P. penneri. Although; the molecular characterisation and probiotic potentials of these LAB strains are being investigated in an on-going study; we presumed these vegetables are prospective sources of the bacteria in Nigeria and therefore the need to extensively investigate the vegetables and other related vegetables becomes imperative