Quality of life and its related factors in women with substance use disorders referring to substance abuse treatment centers.

BACKGROUND: Substance-Related Disorders are among the most common social problems caused by using legal and illegal substances. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the quality of life (QoL) and its related factors among women with substance use disorders referring to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan, west of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 Iranian female substance users recruited through the census sampling method in 2018. Data collection tools consisted of demographic characteristics and QoL assessment (SF-36). Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 33.2 ± 12.1 years and the mean score of their total QoL was 35.35 ± 13.5. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that using methamphetamine (ß = - 6.62) was the predictor of QoL in women. Moreover, there was a significant association between QoL and age (p < 0.001), educational level (p = 0.011), and age at first use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the participants' QoL was found to be at an unsatisfactory level. So, it is essential to implement educational help-seeking behavior for treatment and effectiveness educational, as well as holding mental health intervention, school-based substance abuse prevention, and harm reduction programs of substance use. This is especially important in adolescents, young, low-educated, early drug use, and methamphetamine user women, as it may increase the QoL.

Musculoskeletal Consequences in Cyber-Addicted Students - Is It Really A Matter of Health? A ROC Curve Analysis for Prioritizing Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence and also multiple consequences of addiction to various online content, including online games and social networks, have become a major challenge. The ability to predict musculoskeletal disorders from this addiction can help reveal in students' health status in the near future. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this addiction and the ability to predict neck pain from this matter in students. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study. METHODS: This study was carried out among 665 students. Data collection was performed through three questionnaires on problematic use of online games, social networking addiction, and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders. Data were compared with Chi-square and independent T-test, and the logistic regression model was then presented at a significant level of 0.05. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Discriminant analysis were conducted to clarify associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of Internet-related content addiction was 32.8%. The results showed that addiction to social networks and online games can increase the risk of neck disorder. Also 0.58 area under ROC curve depicted the ability to predict neck pain from this addiction. CONCLUSION: In students with internet - related content addiction, neck disorder can be predicted. Given the high prevalence of internet addiction in students, it is essential to take immediate and appropriate interventions to avoid the associated adverse effects such as neck problems.

Psychological and Sociodemographic Predictors of Fertility Intention among Childbearing-Aged Women in Hamadan, West of Iran: An Application of the BASNEF Model.

BACKGROUND: Fertility and childbearing are the most important determinants of population variation around the world. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the psychological and sociodemographic factors predicting fertility intention among women referred to comprehensive health centers in Hamadan based on the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors (BASNEF) model. METHODS: This descriptive analytical study was performed in comprehensive health centers in Hamadan in 2016. Through a multi-stage sampling method, 484 women were enrolled in the study. The data collection tool was a selfreport questionnaire based on the constructs of the BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using linear regression, independent t-test, and a one-way analysis of variance using IBM SPSS software ver. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: The mean±standard deviation of the women's age was 31.85±6.13 years. The variables of motivation to comply (ß=0.228), enabling factors (ß=0.162), subjective norms (ß=0.134), and attitude (ß=0.122) were the predictors of fertility intention in women. This model was able to explain 16.8% of variance in behavioral intention. Also, lower age, higher education, shorter duration of marriage, and having a daughter resulted in a greater fertility intention. CONCLUSION: It seems that designing and implementing educational programs to improve attitudes, promoting positive subjective norms, and enhancing enabling factors can play a major role in increasing fertility intention in women.

The factors related to mother's beliefs and behaviors concerning the prevention of poisoning among children under the age of five, using the Health Belief Model.

Rezapur Shahkolai F, Bandehelahi K, Karimi Shahanjarini A, Farhadian M. The factors related to mother's beliefs and behaviors concerning the prevention of poisoning among children under the age of five, using the Health Belief Mode. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 749-756. Poisoning is a major public health problem and children younger than five years of age are more likely to be exposed to injury events such as poisoning. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the mothers' beliefs and behaviors in relation to poisoning prevention among children under five years of age, considering the Health Belief Model (HBM). This cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 mothers with at least one child under the age of five that had been referred to a health center in Hamadan County, Iran, in 2017. The participants were selected randomly, using cluster sampling method. Data were collected through interviews, by trained interviewers, and using a questionnaire developed by the authors. This study showed the statistically significant relationship between mothers' behavior concerning the prevention of poisoning in children under the age of five years and the variables of the gender of children (P=0.014); mother's education level (P < 0.001) and occupation (P=0.001); and father's education level (P < 0.001) and occupation (P < 0.001). Moreover, mothers' related knowledge and, according to HBM constructs, mothers' perceived susceptibility (p < 0.001) and perceived severity (p= 0.004) regarding poisoning among their children, cues to action (p=0.041) and their self-efficacy (p=0.012) were more powerful predictors for prevention of poisoning among children under the age of five. This study indicates that the HBM, highlighting the four constructs can be helpful to design educational interventions for improving the behaviors of mothers regarding poisoning prevention among children under the age of five years.