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1.
Rev. Bras. Psicoter. (Online) ; 23(2): 5-8, 20210000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1352744

ABSTRACT

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe uma série de problemas envolvendo a saúde pública. Dentre essas, a saúde mental de populações específicas ficaram prejudicadas, fazendo com que se tornasse analisar focos de intervenções específicas para as mesmas. Dentre estas, os pacientes oncológicos se mostram mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de problemas em saúde mental durante a pandemia, necessitando que sejam pensadas intervenções efetivas e focais para o seu cuidado. Essa carta tem como objetivo alertar os profissionais de saúde mental a respeito do tema e dar uma breve orientação sobre o foco necessário de cuidado.(AU)


The Covid-19 pandemic brought a series of problems involving public health. Among these, the mental health of specific populations was impaired, making it necessary to analyze foci of specific interventions for them. Among these, cancer patients are more vulnerable to the development of mental health problems during the pandemic, requiring effective and focused interventions for their care. This letter aims to alert mental health professionals about the topic and give brief guidance on the necessary focus of care.(AU)


La pandemia de Covid-19 trajo una serie de problemas relacionados con la salud pública. Entre estos, la salud mental de poblaciones específicas se vio afectada, por lo que fue necesario analizar focos de intervenciones específicas para ellos. Entre estos, los pacientes con cáncer son más vulnerables al desarrollo de problemas de salud mental durante la pandemia, lo que requiere intervenciones efectivas y enfocadas para su atención. Esta carta tiene como objetivo alertar a los profesionales de la salud mental sobre el tema y brindar una breve guía sobre el enfoque necesario de la atención.(AU)


Subject(s)
Psychotherapy , Mental Health , COVID-19 , Neoplasms
2.
PLoS One ; 16(1): e0245261, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33465121

ABSTRACT

We investigated what degree of risk of infection with COVID-19 is necessary so that people intend to stay home, even when doing so means losing their salary. We conducted an online survey across Brazil during the initial outbreak, in which 8,345 participants answered a questionnaire designed to identify the maximum tolerated risk (k') necessary for them to disregard social distancing recommendations and guarantee their salaries. Generalized linear mixed models, path analysis structural equation, and conditional interference classification tree were performed to further understand how sociodemographic factors impact k' and to establish a predictive model for the risk behavior of leaving home during the pandemic. We found that, on average, people tolerate 38% risk of infection to leave home and earn a full salary, but this number decreased to 13% when the individual risk perception of becoming ill from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is considered. Furthermore, participants who have a medium-to-high household income and who are older than 35 years are more likely to be part of the risk-taking group who leave home regardless of the potential COVID-19 infection level; while participants over 45 years old and with good financial health are more likely to be part of the risk-averse group, who stay home at the expense of any salary offered. Our findings add to the political and public debate concerning lockdown strategies by showing that, contrary to supposition, people with low socioeconomic status are not more likely to ignore social distancing recommendations due to personal economic matters.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/psychology , Risk-Taking , Work/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Brazil , COVID-19/epidemiology , Commerce/statistics & numerical data , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Income/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Quarantine/psychology , Social Behavior , Work/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. Bras. Psicoter. (Online) ; 23(3): 121-133, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1355014

ABSTRACT

A pandemia de Covid-19 tem gerado efeitos nocivos na saúde mental da população. Isso pode ser especialmente preocupante em pessoas que perderam familiares em decorrência da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as particularidades do processo de luto diante da crise ocasionada pela Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental qualitativa que analisou reportagens publicadas entre março e abril de 2020 - período posterior a primeira morte registrada no Brasil - em cinco mídias de grande circulação. Os materiais foram selecionados por dois pesquisadores, e a análise de conteúdo foi realizada pelo método de Bardin. Cinco categorias de análise foram identificadas: Desafios de uma experiência nova e urgente, preconceito decorrente do contato com doentes, sentimentos, formas de enfrentamento e rituais funerários. Manifestações de revolta diante da minimização da doença por autoridades foram frequentes, bem como queixas relacionadas a organização do sistema de saúde, inexistência de fluxos e desinformação dos profissionais. Diante da disseminação de Fake News, foram observados relatos de hostilizações em redes sociais e o afastamento de pessoas conhecidas, gerando solidão. O medo de estar contaminado e de transmitir para outras pessoas também foi recorrente. Ainda, notou-se que a impossibilidade de acompanhar o familiar morto durante a internação e as limitações dos rituais foram associados a culpa e tristeza. É possível que a experiência do luto seja intensificada diante das peculiaridades que permeiam o processo de morte decorrente da Covid-19, sobretudo nos primeiros meses da pandemia. Tendo em vista que os efeitos na saúde mental da população podem ser mais duradouros do que a pandemia, é fundamental que investigações sejam realizadas e estratégias de suporte desenvolvidas.(AU)


The Covid-19 pandemic has had harmful effects on the populations mental health. This can be worrisome in people who have lost family members to Covid-19. This study aims to understand the particularities of the mourning process during the crisis caused by Covid-19. This is a qualitative documentary research that analyzed reports published between March and April 2020 - a period after the first recorded death in Brazil - in five large-circulation media. The materials were selected by two researchers, and content analysis was performed using the Bardin method. Five categories of analysis were identified: Challenges of a new and urgent experience, prejudice resulting from contact with patients, feelings, forms of confrontation and funeral rituals. Manifestations of anger at the authorities minimization of the disease were frequent, as well as complaints related to the organization of the health system, lack of flows and lack of information from professionals. Faced with the spread of Fake News, reports of harassment on social networks and the removal of known people were observed, generating loneliness. The fear of being contaminated and of transmitting it to other people was also recurrent. Furthermore, it was noted that the impossibility of accompanying the deceased family member during hospitalization and the limitations of the rituals were associated with guilt and sadness. It is possible that the experience of grief is intensified given the peculiarities that permeate the process of death resulting from Covid-19, especially in the first months of the pandemic. Considering that the effects on the populations mental health can be more lasting than the pandemic, it is essential that investigations are carried out and support strategies developed.(AU)


La pandemia de Covid-19 ha tenido efectos nocivos en la salud mental de la población. Esto puede ser preocupante en personas que han perdido a familiares a causa de Covid-19. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las particularidades del proceso de duelo ante la crisis provocada por el Covid-19. Se trata de uma investigación documental cualitativa que analizó informes publicados entre marzo y abril de 2020, un período posterior a la primera muerte registrada en Brasil. Los materiales fueron seleccionados y el análisis de contenido se realizó mediante el método Bardin. Se identificaron cinco categorías de análisis: Desafíos de una experiência nueva y urgente, Prejuicios derivados del contacto con los pacientes, Sentimientos, Formas de enfrentamiento y Ritos funerarios. Fueron frecuentes las manifestaciones de enfado por la minimización de la enfermedad por las autoridades, así como las quejas relacionadas con el sistema de salud, la falta de flujos y la falta de información por parte de los profesionales. Ante la difusión de Fake News, se observaron denuncias de hostigamiento en redes sociales y el alejamiento de personas conocidas, generando soledad. Además, se observó que la imposibilidad de acompañar al familiar fallecido durante la hospitalización y las limitaciones de los rituales se asociaron con la culpa y la tristeza. Es posible que la experiencia del duelo se intensifique dadas las peculiaridades que permean el proceso de muerte resultante del Covid-19, especialmente en los primeros meses de la pandemia. Considerando que los efectos en la salud mental de la población pueden ser más duraderos que la pandemia, es fundamental que se realicen investigaciones y se desarrollen estrategias de apoyo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Bereavement , Adaptation, Psychological , Family , COVID-19
4.
Front Immunol ; 9: 1651, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30061900

ABSTRACT

Adults exposed to childhood maltreatment have increased stress reactivity. This profile is associated with dysregulation of the immune system, including enhanced inflammatory reactions and accelerated senescence. Subjects exposed to ear stress have increased risk for several age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and cancer. Although previous studies have reported immune changes in advanced cancer, very little information is available regarding early stage breast cancer. Here, 29 patients with breast cancer were recruited: 15 with history of childhood maltreatment (CM+) and 14 without history (CM-). Twenty-seven healthy women without CM were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected and lymphocyte subsets phenotyped by multi-color flow cytometry (B cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, natural killer cells, activated T cells, regulatory T cells, and senescence-associated T cells). Because human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was associated with signatures of early senescence, the CMV serology was determined by ELISA. None of the subjects had IgM reactivity to CMV, excluding acute viral infection. There was a higher proportion of patients with increased CMV IgG levels in the CM+ group as compared to CM- or controls. Different stages of T-cell differentiation can be determined based on the cell-surface expression of the costimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28: ear (CD27+CD28+), intermediate-differentiated (CD27-CD28+), and late-differentiated or senescent T cells (CD27-CD28-). After adjusting for age and education, ear T cells (CD27+CD28+) were found reduced in CM+ and CM- patients (p < 0.0001). In contrast, intermediate-differentiated T cells (CD27-CD28+; p < 0.0001), senescent T cells (CD27-CD28-; p < 0.0001), and exhausted T cells (CD8+CD27-CD28-PD1+; p < 0.0001) were found expanded in both CM+ and CM- groups. Our data suggest that features of immunosenescence are associated with newly diagnosed breast cancer, regardless of the CM history.

5.
Med Hypotheses ; 108: 86-93, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29055407

ABSTRACT

Stress and cancer are two complex situations involving different biological and psychological mechanisms. Their relationship have long been studied, and there is evidence of the impact stress has on both, development and disease progression. Furthermore, early stress has been studied as an important factor associated to this relationship, since its impacts on the immune, endocrine and cognitive development throughout life is already known. Therefore, understanding early stress as a first wave of stress in life is necessary in order to explore a possible second wave hit model. From this perspective, we believe that breast cancer can be understood as a second wave of stress during development and that, in addition to the first wave, can cause important impacts on the response to cancer treatment, such as increased chances of disease progression and distinct behavioral responses. In this article we propose a second wave hit hypothesis applied to breast cancer and its implications on the immune, endocrine and cognitive systems, through mechanisms that involve the HPA axis and subsequent activations of stress responses.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/complications , Child Abuse/psychology , Adult , Anxiety/complications , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Depression/complications , Female , Humans , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Infant , Mental Disorders/complications , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Prognosis , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Risk Factors , Stress, Psychological
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