Malignant Leydig Cell Tumor in Elderly Complete Androgen Insensitivity Patient: A Case Report.

There are various causes of primary amenorrhea in phenotypically females such as, complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, pure gonadal dysgenesis, 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, or mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Primary amenorrhea in a phenotypically female is commonly encountered in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. In patients with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, with intra-abdominal testis there is high chances of developing testicular tumour, among them Sertoli cell tumour and seminoma being the most common types. Leydig cell tumour in androgen insensitivity syndrome, is very rare and malignant leydig cell tumour is even further rarer. There are few cases reported in the literature of malignant leydig cell tumour with complete androgen insensitivity. Here we are reporting a case of 65 years married elderly patient with malignant leydig cell tumour with complete androgen insentivity syndrome. Keywords: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome; leydig cell tumour; testicular feminization.

Tuberculosis presenting as multiple intramuscular nodules in a child: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a global health problem that mostly affects people in developing countries. Tuberculosis can occur in various organ systems and may present with diverse manifestations in the same system. Primary muscular tuberculosis is a very rare condition in both adults and children, and tuberculosis of various muscle groups presenting as intramuscular nodules is an even more uncommon presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 9-year-old Asian girl presented with multiple painless, gradually progressive swellings over different parts of her body for 3 months with no history of contact with tuberculosis. A physical examination was normal except for multiple swellings in her right forearm, a single swelling in her interscapular region and multiple swellings in her right calf. Ultrasonography of swellings revealed multiple nodules in the intramuscular layer. Excisional biopsies performed from two different sites revealed swellings in muscular layers and histopathology showed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis consistent with tuberculosis. The child was started on antitubercular therapy after which the swellings resolved; she was kept on regular follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular nodules in multiple muscular sites may be the presenting symptoms of tuberculosis of the muscles. Tuberculosis of skeletal muscles should be considered in a differential diagnosis when presented with single or multiple masses even when a chest X-ray is normal and there is no evidence of tubercular foci elsewhere in the body.