ABSTRACT
Edwardsiella ictaluri is the cause of extensive mortalities and economic losses to the channel catfish industry of the southeast United States. Here we report the complete genome of Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146. Whole-genome sequence analysis of E. ictaluri provides a tool for understanding the genomic regions specific to the species and the Edwardsiella genus.
Subject(s)
Edwardsiella ictaluri/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/microbiology , Genome, Bacterial , Ictaluridae , Sepsis/veterinary , Animals , Base Sequence , Disease Outbreaks , Edwardsiella ictaluri/classification , Edwardsiella ictaluri/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Sepsis/epidemiology , Sepsis/microbiology , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Tributyltin (TBT) is a trialkylated organotin formulated for use primarily as a biocide for aquatic and agricultural industries. Although macrophages isolated from toadfish (Opsanus tau) are sensitive to exposure, very little is known about the effects of TBT on fish humoral immunity and non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC) functions. To evaluate the effects of TBT on these parameters, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were given a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil with 0 (vehicle control) or with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mgTBT/kg as TBTCl. Three and seven days later, NCC activity and phagocyte oxidative burst were evaluated and related to allometric indices and hematology. The humoral immune response to Edwardsiella ictaluri was evaluated fourteen days after treatment. Peripheral blood neutrophilia and specific antibody secreting cell (SASC) numbers were the most sensitive parameters and were affected in all three TBT treatment groups. Allometric indices, peripheral blood lymphocyte and monocyte percentages, NCC activity, and phagocyte oxidative burst were less sensitive and were affected only at the highest dose of TBT.
