Prevalence of malocclusion in Turkish children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nationwide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in the Turkish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was supplemented by manual searches of Google Scholar and the reference lists of included studies. Original Turkish health studies of any age were included. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessed study quality and bias (STROBE). Sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion features were retrieved and gathered. RESULTS: Eleven studies were selected from 434 titles. Two studies showed a high risk of bias, eight low and one moderate. Thirteen thousand two hundred seventy-one individuals were investigated from early childhood to late adulthood. Most studies were sampled from universities and dental (nonorthodontic) clinics. The pooled malocclusion prevalence was 56% for Class I (95% confidence interval (CI): 44-68%), 31% for Class II (CI: 6-42%), and 11% for Class III (CI: 21-37%). The other common types of malocclusions were crowding (41%, CI: 18-65%), overjet (34%, CI: 21-50%), negative overjet (13%, CI: 7-20%), and crossbite (11%, CI: 7-15%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in Class I (relative risk [RR] = 1.00, [0.96-1.05]), Class II ([RR] = 0.97, [0.92-1.03]), and Class III ([RR] = 1.08, [0.96-1.225]) malocclusion by gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed Class I malocclusion has a high prevalence among the Turkish population followed by Class II and Class III malocclusions. In addition, crowding and overjet were the most prevalent malocclusions among Turkish individuals. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of malocclusions between males and females.

A comparison between articaine mandibular infiltration and lidocaine mandibular block anesthesia in second primary molar: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: One of the most important objectives of pediatric dentistry during dental practice is pain control and effective anesthesia. Because of the limitations of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB), other techniques such as infiltration injection are suggested. Infiltration technique by using some other solutions such as articaine is an appropriate alteration for mandibular anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of IANB using lidocaine with infiltration injection by articaine in mandibular second primary molar anesthesia in 8-11-year-old children. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized, cross-over, clinical trial that was performed on 42 children aged 8-11 years, who needed extraction of both mandibular second primary molars. After clinical and radiographic investigations, block or infiltration injection was chosen randomly and treatment was performed in one side in each session. Patient's behavior was registered in two steps of injection and extraction by SEM scores. For comparison of the two sides, Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used (P < 0.05). Results: We concluded that infiltration technique resulted in decrease of all the three SEM scores in comparison to block injection (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of two techniques during tooth extraction, although grade of lidocaine block was more than infiltrate, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It seems that infiltration technique with articaine is a better substitute for block technique in the extraction of mandibular primary molars.