ABSTRACT
QPT-1 was discovered in a compound library by high-throughput screening and triage for substances with whole-cell antibacterial activity. This totally synthetic compound is an unusual barbituric acid derivative whose activity resides in the (-)-enantiomer. QPT-1 had activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, was nontoxic to eukaryotic cells, and showed oral efficacy in a murine infection model, all before any medicinal chemistry optimization. Biochemical and genetic characterization showed that the QPT-1 targets the beta subunit of bacterial type II topoisomerases via a mechanism of inhibition distinct from the mechanisms of fluoroquinolones and novobiocin. Given these attributes, this compound represents a promising new class of antibacterial agents. The success of this reverse genomics effort demonstrates the utility of exploring strategies that are alternatives to target-based screens in antibacterial drug discovery.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Topoisomerase II Inhibitors , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Area Under Curve , Bacteria/enzymology , Bacterial Infections/metabolism , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Antimicrobial compounds incorporating oxazolidinone and quinolone pharmacophore substructures have been synthesized and evaluated. Representative analogues 2, 5, and 6 display an improved potency versus linezolid against gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative pathogens. The compounds are also active against linezolid- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium strains. The MOA for these new antimicrobials is consistent with a combination of protein synthesis and gyrase A/topoisomerase IV inhibition, with a structure-dependent degree of the contribution from each inhibitory mechanism.
