Attitude of Some Nigerian Parents toward their Presence in the Operatory during Dental Treatment of their Children.

Background: Parental accompaniment of children during dental treatment has been a contentious issue with diverse opinions. One of the factors to be considered is the preference of the parent. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude of some Nigerian parents toward their presence in the dental operatory while their children undergo dental treatment. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 accompanying parents of children who attended the Paediatric Dentistry Clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan using a pretested questionnaire. Results: Majority of the parents (91.0%) preferred to accompany their child when receiving dental treatment. Reasons for their choice were that they would motivate the child (65.9%) and child would feel safe (58.2%). Of those who wanted to remain with their children, (83.5%) reported that their presence would reduce child's fear by comforting and touching them during dental care. Child's age, parents' age, previous dental visits of child and parent were not found to significantly influence the attitude of parents toward their presence in the operatory. Reason for seeking treatment was related to preference for parental presence. Conclusion: Majority of the parents preferred to stay with their children during dental treatment. The clinical significance is that dentists should endeavor as much as possible to maintain the child - parent pair during treatment since it is preferred by parents as they believe their children will be better motivated and feel safe. However, dentists sometimes may need to separate child from the parent for smooth treatment of their children. How to cite this article: Bankole OO, Olanloye OM, Ayebameru OE, et al. Attitude of Some Nigerian Parents toward their Presence in the Operatory during Dental Treatment of their Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(S-2):S167-S172.

Effectiveness of an Oral Health Education Program to Improve Mothers Awareness of Natal Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health talk aided by a video on improving the awareness of mothers about natal teeth in two rural communities in southwest Nigeria. Material and Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted among 80 mothers in two rural communities in Nigeria, randomized into study and control groups. Baseline information was obtained with a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. The mothers in the study group participated in an oral health education program comprising of a video show on natal teeth in addition to an oral health talk. The control group did not receive any intervention. Post-intervention data was obtained three weeks afterwards. Data collected was analyzed with SPSS using paired t-test, independent t-test and Chi-square test. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics of participants in both groups were similar. The mean knowledge, attitude and practice percentage scores for the study group were 38.9 ± 26.3% (pre-intervention) and 73.6 ± 26.2% (post-intervention); while for the control group, the values were 43.2 ± 31.4% (pre-intervention) and 43.9 ± 32.4% (post-intervention). The study group, had a 34% increase in knowledge, attitude and practice percentage score (CI=23.7-45.5; t=6.4; p<0.001), while the control group, had an increase of 0.7% (CI=-0.7-2.2; t=1.00; p=0.323). Conclusion: An oral health education program comprising of oral health talk and a video about natal teeth improved the awareness of mothers about natal teeth as a normal phenomenon.

Impact of Untreated Dental Caries on Daily Performances of Children From Low Social Class in an Urban African Population: The Importance of Pain

Objective: To determine the impact of untreated dental caries on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children from low social class in an urban Nigerian population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among 6 to 15-year-old pupils from low social class in randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan. An interviewer-administered Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) questionnaire was used to obtain required information. Oral examination was conducted by calibrated examiners. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and test of association done with Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 1286 pupils participated in the study and 130 (10.1%) had untreated dental caries, out of which 26 (20.0%) had pain from carious tooth. The C-OIDP of children with dental caries was similar to that of children without caries [median 0.0 vs. median 0.0; r = -0.025; p=0.368]. The median COIDP (3.0) of those with untreated dental caries and pain was higher than that of participants with painless caries [0.0; r=-0.768; p<0.001]. There were significant impacts on all eight domains of the OHRQoL of those with untreated dental caries and pain (71.4 ­ 100.0%) when compared to those with painless caries (0.0 ­ 28.6%; p<0.05). Conclusion: Untreated dental caries significantly impacts on OHRQoL of pupils from low social class only when associated with pain.

Effect of Dental Treatment on the Quality of Life of Children with Traumatic Dental Injuries in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Anterior dental trauma is known to be common in our environment as well as the complications that come with it. These injuries have been seen to impact the quality of life (QoL) of children significantly due to the fact that they compromise their dental health. This leads to aesthetic, psychological, social, and therapeutic problems impacting both the children and their parents. Treatment of these injuries has also been severely neglected possibly due to lack of awareness of where or how to access treatment as well as fear of dental treatment. However, treatment may on the other hand bring about a substantial improvement on the QoL of children in terms of their daily living. Aim: To assess the effect of dental treatment on the QoL of 12- to 15-year-old Nigerian school children previously identified as having had traumatized anterior teeth. Design: This is a follow-up study where secondary data were extracted from a cross-sectional study involving 1575 children attending public and private secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety-six adolescents with evidence of dental trauma, previously identified as having their QoL negatively affected as a result of dental trauma, were called to take part in the follow-up study. The Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used in assessing the QoL of participants with dental trauma before and after treatment. Data were analysed using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 20.0, and the effect of dental treatment on the QoL of the participants was assessed using the McNemar's test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Fifty-one (26.0%) out of the 196 invited children participated; there were 31 males and 20 females. The mean age was 13.4 years (standard deviation 1.1 years). Eighty traumatized anterior teeth were involved, with the maxillary centrals being the commonest (68, 85%). Twenty-three (45.1%) participants had more than one traumatized tooth. The commonest dental trauma was enamel fracture, which involved the dentine (39, 48.8%). The main treatments given were composite build-up (36, 45%) and root canal treatment (42, 52.5%). With the CPQ11-14, in the oral symptoms domain, the number adversely affected before treatment fell from 30 (58.8%) to 3 (5.9%) (P < 0.001); in the emotional well-being domain, the number dropped from 35 (68.6%) to 10 (19.6%) (P < 0.001); and in the social well-being domain, the number fell from 34 (66.7%) to 22 (43.1%) (P = 0.004). However, in the functional limitation domain, the number adversely affected increased from 24 (47.1%) before to 46 (90.2%) after treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the QoL of participants, especially regarding their oral symptoms, and emotional and social well-being. However, there was worsening in the functional limitation domain. There is the need to introduce oral health into the school curriculum in order to encourage early reporting and prompt treatment of traumatic dental injuries.

Contexte: Les traumatismes dentaires antérieurs sont connus pour être fréquents dans notre environnement ainsi que les complications qui en découlent. Ces blessures ont un impact significatif sur la qualité de vie des enfants en raison du fait qu'elles compromettent leur santé dentaire. Cela conduit à des problèmes esthétiques, psychologiques, sociaux et thérapeutiques affectant à la fois les enfants et leurs parents. Le traitement de ces blessures a également été gravement négligé, peut-être en raison du manque de connaissance de l'endroit et de la manière d'accéder au traitement ainsi que de la peur des soins dentaires. Cependant, le traitement peut en revanche apporter une amélioration substantielle de la qualité de vie des enfants au niveau de leur vie quotidienne. Objectif: Évaluer l'effet d'un traitement dentaire sur la qualité de vie d'écoliers nigérians âgés de 12 à 15 ans précédemment identifiés comme ayant eu des dents antérieures traumatisées. Conception: Une étude de suivi où les données secondaires ont été extraites d'une étude transversale portant sur 1575 enfants fréquentant des écoles secondaires publiques et privées à Ibadan, au Nigéria. Cent quatre-vingt-seize adolescents présentant des signes de traumatisme dentaire, précédemment identifiés comme ayant une qualité de vie affectée négativement à la suite d'un traumatisme dentaire, ont été appelés à participer à l'étude de suivi. Le Questionnaire de perception de l'enfant (CPQ11-14) a été utilisé pour évaluer la qualité de vie des participants ayant subi un traumatisme dentaire avant et après le traitement. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 20.0 et l'effet du traitement dentaire sur la qualité de vie des participants a été évalué à l'aide du test de McNemar. La signification statistique a été fixée à P < 0,05. Résultats: Cinquante et un (26,0%) des 196 enfants invités ont participé; il y avait 31 hommes et 20 femmes. L'âge moyen était de 13,4 (SD 1.1) ans. Quatre- vingt dents antérieures traumatisées ont atteinte, les centrales maxillaires étant les plus fréquentes (68, 85%). Vingt-trois (45,1%) participants avaient plus d'une dent traumatisée. Le traumatisme dentaire le plus fréquent était la fracture de l'émail impliquant la dentine (39, 48,8%). Les principaux traitements administrés étaient la reconstitution de composite (36, 45%) et le traitement canalaire (42, 52,5%). Avec le CPQ11-14, dans le domaine des symptômes oraux, le nombre de patients atteints avant le traitement est passé de 30 (58,8%) à 3 (5,9%) (P < 0,001); dans le domaine du bien-être émotionnel, le nombre est passé de 35 (68,6%) à 10 (19,6%) (P < 0,001) et dans le domaine du bien-être social, le nombre est passé de 34 (66,7%) à 22 (43,1%) (P = 0,004). Cependant, dans le domaine de la limitation fonctionnelle, le nombre de personnes atteintes est passé de 24 (47,1%) avant à 46 (90,2%) après traitement (P < 0,001). Conclusion: Le traitement a entraîné une amélioration significative de la qualité de vie des participants, en particulier en ce qui concerne leurs symptômes buccaux et leur bien-être émotionnel et social. Cependant, il y avait une aggravation dans le domaine de la limitation fonctionnelle. Il est nécessaire d'introduire la santé bucco-dentaire dans le programme scolaire afin d'encourager le signalement précoce et le traitement rapide des blessures dentaires traumatiques.

Perception and Practices of Nomadic Women in a Rural Community in Southwestern Nigeria to Their Children's Oral Health.

Introduction Nomads move from one settlement to another, thus it has been difficult to have adequate documentation about their oral health and that of their children. Aim To investigate the perception and practices of nomadic Fulani women toward their children's oral health. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 197 Fulani women using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Results Perceived causes of tooth decay included tooth germs/worms (23.9%) and sugar (5.1%), and 32.0%, 15.2%, and 5.1%, respectively, self-medicated children with antibiotics, traditional concoctions/herbs, and analgesics for tooth decay. Two fifths (40.1%) attributed bleeding gums to tooth germs/worms. Polyurethane foam (46.7%), toothbrush (32.0%), finger (18.8%), and wooden twigs (2.5%) were aids used for cleaning children's teeth. Conclusions These mothers have suboptimal oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward their children's oral health. There is a need for urgent intervention among this group of people.

Teething.

Misconceptions about the teething process has led to high infant morbidity and mortality, which was recently experienced in Nigeria due to consumption of an adulterated drug used in the prevention and treatment of teething-related illnesses in infants. It is however, unknown if these misconceptions still persist in a rural town in Nigeria despite oral health awareness campaigns targeted at this. The aim of this study is to assess the beliefs and practices of residents in Igbo Ora, a rural township in Nigeria, regarding the teething process. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 adults in Igbo Ora using a 33-item, semistructured questionnaire. Symptoms such as diarrhea (80.7%), fever (69.2%), and boils (64.4%) were still considered as a must to accompany teething. Teething powder, teething syrup, and traditional concoctions were commonly recommended by (42.0%), (31.6%), and (48.1%) of the respondents, respectively, to treat and prevent teething symptoms. This study revealed that misconceptions about teething are still highly prevalent among the populace in Igbo Ora, and a structured oral health education intervention at the community level is urgently needed.

Assessment of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) on the permanent dentition in a primary care setting in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the acceptability of ART and to evaluate on a longitudinal basis the survival rate of single surface occlusal ART restorations in the permanent dentition. DESIGN: Longitudinal Study of ART restorations. SETTING: Primary Oral Health Care Setting. PARTICIPANTS: Aged 8-19 years in a low socioeconomic community, Southwestern Nigeria. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS: Ninety-three ART restorations were applied on single surface occlusal caries by a dentist who had undergone training on ART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Six monthly follow-up of patients to evaluate restoration retention and marginal defect was conducted by an independent evaluator. RESULTS: Over 90.0% of the subjects had never undergone dental treatment, yet 63.0% perceived dental treatment as painful. After undergoing the treatment as many as 98.0% admitted that ART was not painful. On the question of their willingness to make recall visits, about 95.0% responded in the affirmative and about 96.0% reported that they would encourage others to come for treatment. The cumulative survival rate of single surface occlusal ART restorations after 2 years was 93.5% (SE=2.3%). CONCLUSIONS: ART was shown to be acceptable and effective in the management of single surface occlusal caries in the permanent dentition in these Nigerian children and adolescents outside the traditional clinical setting.

Attitude and beliefs of traditional birth attendants to prematurely erupted teeth of infants in urban local government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) can be invaluable in assisting to dispel myths commonly associated with natal/neonatal teeth. To ensure correct delivery of the message, baseline data of their beliefs is important. To assess the attitude and beliefs of some Nigerian TBAs to prematurely erupted teeth in infants, a total enumeration of the TBAs in the five urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan was conducted and 163 consenting TBAs were recruited using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The attitude of the TBAs was that of fear and shock (35.6%) while 30 (18.4%) will consider the child weird. Perceived causes of the variation include evil spirits (31.9%), contravening cultural taboos (9.2%), and prolonged gestation (4.9%). Beliefs on the effect of natal/neonatal teeth on the child include strange behavior (31.3%), child developing evil spiritual powers (41.1%), and mental retardation (3.1%). Practices included advising parents to get rid of/or hide the child (4.9%) and immediate extraction of the teeth with/without sacrifices (35.6%). There is an urgent need to address knowledge gaps by giving health education to TBAs.