ABSTRACT
Carbonaceous species [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), elemental matter (EM), primary organic carbon (POC), secondary organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (TC), and total carbonaceous matter (TCM)] of PM2.5 were analyzed to study the seasonal variability and long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) in megacity Delhi, India from January, 2012 to April, 2021. The average concentrations (± standard deviation) of PM2.5, OC, EC, TC, EM, TCM, POC and SOC were 127 ± 77, 15.7 ± 11.6, 7.4 ± 5.1, 23.1 ± 16.5, 8.2 ± 5.6, 33.3 ± 23.9, 9.3 ± 6.3 and 6.5 ± 5.3 µg m-3, respectively during the sampling period (10-year average). The average CAs accounted for 26% of PM2.5 concentration during the entire sampling period. In addition, the seasonal variations in PM2.5, OC, EC, POC, SOC, and TCM levels were recorded with maxima in post-monsoon and minima in monsoon seasons. The linear relationship of OC and EC, OC/EC and EC/TC ratios suggested that the vehicular emissions (VE), fossil fuel combustion (FFC) and biomass burning (BB) are the major sources of CAs at megacity Delhi, India.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Particulate Matter , Aerosols/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Carbon/analysis , China , Environmental Monitoring , India , Particle Size , Particulate Matter/analysis , SeasonsABSTRACT
In vitro oxidation and acetylation of 5-aminoquinoline by rabbit liver enzyme preparation has been investigated. Incubation of 5-aminoquinoline with cytosol fraction of the enzyme preparation in the presence of acetyl coenzyme-A gave rise to three different products, viz. 5-amino-2-hydroxy quinoline, 5-acetyl-aminoquinoline and 5-acetylamino-2-hydroxy quinoline due to the combined action of aldehyde oxidase and N-acetyl transferase. The metabolites thus obtained by enzyme catalysed reactions were isolated and separated by TLC, HPLC and subsequently characterised by IR and mass spectral fragmentation techniques.
