Extra-Rhino Cerebral Manifestations of Mucormycosis in Head and Neck Region: An Insight.

Mucormycosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection with a high mortality rate. The difficulty and delay in diagnosis due to its rarity usually results in a poor prognosis. Most common site in head and neck region is the nose and paranasal sinuses. However there are other very unusual areas in head and neck region where mucormycosis is encountered. Knowledge of these unusual areas is must and can save a patient's life. To elaborate and highlight the unusual areas in head and neck region where mucormycosis can mimic other common diseases. This retrospective study was done from May 2010 to May 2019 over a period of 9 years. All histopathologically confirmed cases of Head and Neck mucormycosis were evaluated and data analyzed. Total 35 cases of head neck mucormycosis were encountered from May 2010 to May 2019 over a period of 9 years. Out of which 30 cases (85.72%) were of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis and 5 cases (14.28%) were EXTRA rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in head neck region. Mucormycosis at such unusual sites can cause diagnostic dilemma for the treating doctor. Clinical knowledge with anticipation is a must for success in treatment of mucormycosis in unusual places in head neck region especially when normal looking diseases does not respond to usual treatment.

Comparative evaluation of different periods of enamel microabrasion on the microleakage of class V resin-modified glass ionomer and compomer restorations: An In vitro study.

CONTEXT: The design of the class V cavity presents a clinical challenge in the field of adhesive dentistry as the margin placement is partially in enamel and partly in dentin, and the trouble associated with this design is the microleakage at the dentinal margin. When these restorations undergo microabrasion due to cosmetic reasons, this trouble aggravates to the significant levels. AIMS: The aim of this study was the measurement of microleakage of class V glass ionomer restorations over two different periods of enamel microabrasion. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 120 class V cavities which had been prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 60 sound human premolars. One-half of the cavities were restored with the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) (60 cavities) and another half with the compomer (60 cavities). Finishing and polishing were performed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Then, the teeth were classified into six groups (n = 20). Microabrasion treatment was performed with Opaluster (Ultradent Product Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) for 0 (control no treatment), 60 and 120 s. Then, teeth were thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C, immersed in rhodamine B solution (24 h), and sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction. Dye penetration was examined with stereomicroscope (×10). Microleakage scores were statistically analyzed. The mean occlusal margin scores and gingival margin scores were compared between all the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and post hoc comparison. There was a significant difference between Group 1a, Group 2a, Group 1b, Group 2b, Group 1c, and Group 2c. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis used in this study was Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and post hoc comparison. RESULTS: The least microleakage scores were observed in occlusal margins of control groups (without microabrasion). Moreover, in both restorations, the microleakage scores in occlusal margins were higher than gingival margins, and compoglass had less microleakage in occlusal and occlusal plus axial walls of class V cavities compared with resin-modified GIC. Whereas, the light-cured glass ionomer had less microleakage in the gingival and gingival plus axial walls of class V cavities when compared with compoglass. CONCLUSIONS: The least microleakage scores were observed in occlusal margins of control groups (without microabrasion). Moreover, in both restorations, the microleakage scores in occlusal margins were higher than gingival margins.

Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Three Desensitizing Tooth Pastes for Relief in the Dentinal Hypersensitivity.

CONTEXT: Dentinal hypersensitivity is a sharp pain occurring on exposure of the exposed dentin to various stimuli such as hot, cold, air, tactile, and chemical. AIM: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three desensitizing pastes in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 individuals (with two teeth per patient) were considered for this study and randomly divided into three groups, Group 1: treated with 5% NovaMin-containing toothpaste, Group 2: treated with 8% arginine-containing toothpaste, and Group 3: herbal desensitizing toothpaste. Using tactile stimulus and air stimulus, the sensitivity scores were recorded on visual analog scale (VAS), immediately after paste application, then at 2 weeks, and then at the end of 4 weeks and compared. RESULTS: There was a significant change in the VAS scores in Group 1 when compared to Group 2 and Group 3. Group 1 showed better reduction in the hypersensitivity in long term. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA test, post hoc Tukey test, and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: Desensitizing pastes can be an effective and economical option in the treatment of the dentinal hypersensitivity.