Associations of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with high risk for prostate cancer: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is an effective tool to assess the nutritional status of the elderly. However, the relationship between the GNRI and the risk for prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain in middle-aged and older men. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the GNRI and the risk for PCa by analyzing the serum total (tPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) levels (including percent fPSA [%fPSA]). METHODS: Data for this study were obtained from 7396 men ≥40 y of age from the 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). We obtained the tPSA and fPSA and calculated the %fPSA and the GNRI. Participants with %fPSA >25% and tPSA <4 ng/mL were defined as high PCa risk. The relationship between the GNRI and serum PSA levels was investigated using a linear regression model. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between the GNRI and PCa risk were estimated by a logistic regression model. The non-linear relationship was also characterized by a restricted cubic spline regression model. RESULTS: The median of tPSA, fPSA, and %fPSA was 0.90, 0.26, and 29%, respectively. The mean of the GNRI was 29. The proportion of participants in the low PCa- and high PCa-risk groups was 93% and 7%, respectively. There was a negative and linear correlation between the GNRI and serum tPSA and fPSA levels in all models. However, no association between the GNRI and the %fPSA was observed. In the adjusted model, lower GNRI was associated with higher PCa risk (OR, 0.570; 95% CI, 0.415-0.784; Ptrend = 0.001). The restricted cubic spline regression model showed a non-linear and negative association between the GNRI and PCa risk (Pnon-linearity = 0.020), with inflection points of 109.148. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that nutritional status, as represented by the GNRI, is associated with the risk for PCa.

Management of urinary incontinence after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder: A scoping review of international practices.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and describe international practice in incontinence management after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic scoping review following the methodology of the Joanne Briggs Institute was conducted in which the application searched 15 data sources to identify papers published in English, from 1979 to 2022. RESULTS: Of the 16 papers that met the eligibility criteria, articles in Eastern countries mainly focus on the effect of conservative treatment, while in Western countries, more attention is paid to the effect of surgical treatment. Clinical characteristics of patients included conservative treatment failure, duration of post-operative intervention and unique differential treatment of male and female patients. Reported factors influencing the achievement of urinary incontinence (UI) include lack of evidence to guide management practice, limited value of conservative treatment, high risk of surgical treatment and uncertainty of efficacy; currently, early behavioural research and multimodal rehabilitation training have good results. CONCLUSIONS: UI in neobladder patients is a distressing condition that is difficult to treat and often requires high-quality rehabilitation guidance and surgical intervention. Further research to address current knowledge gaps is important to inform practice.

A Study of Differences in Penile Dorsal Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potential Testing Among Healthy Controls and Patients With Primary and Secondary Premature Ejaculation.

BACKGROUND: Penile dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential (DNSEP) is a scientific and objective technique that provides effective and objective data to establish the diagnosis of premature ejaculation (PE). AIM: To explore differences in DNSEP between patients with primary premature ejaculation (PPE) and those with secondary premature ejaculation (SPE), in order to investigate the clinical value of DNSEP in the diagnosis of PE. METHODS: The participants were divided into a PPE group (34 cases), an SPE group (25 cases) and a healthy control group (18 cases). All participants underwent DNSEP testing, and the latencies and amplitudes of DNSEP were recorded. OUTCOMES: Differences in the latencies and amplitudes of DNSEP were compared among the PPE, SPE, and healthy control groups. RESULTS: The latencies of DNSEP in the PPE and SPE groups were shorter than those in the healthy control group, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the PPE and SPE groups (P > 0.05). The amplitudes of DNSEP in the PPE group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.01). However, the amplitudes of DNSEP in the SPE group were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: PPE and SPE can be differentiated based on differences in the amplitudes of DNSEP, providing an objective basis for treatments and follow-up examinations. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: We evaluated differences in the amplitudes of DNSEP between PPE and SPE patients, which were rare in the published literature. However, specific causes of these differences are still unclear. SEP only reflects afferent pathways in the ejaculatory reflex arc, and role of the brain as a higher center should not be ignored. CONCLUSION: Both PPE and SPE patients are characterized by an increased excitability of the penile sensory nerves. Sun Z, Liao Z, Zheng Q, et al. A Study of Differences in Penile Dorsal Nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potential Testing Among Healthy Controls and Patients With Primary and Secondary Premature Ejaculation. J Sex Med Rev 2021;18:732-736.