Hydrophobic Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Network for Efficient and Stable Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells.

The pursuit of highly efficient and stable wide-band gap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially for monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem devices, is a key focus in achieving the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. In this study, we initially designed poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths based on density functional theory calculations. Results pinpoint that PILs with longer alkyl chain lengths tend to exhibit more robust binding energy with the perovskite structure. Then we synthesized the PILs to craft a hydrophobic hydrogen-bonded polymer network (HHPN) that passivates the WBG perovskite/electron transport layer interface, inhibits ion migration and serves as a barrier layer against water and oxygen ingression. Accordingly, the HHPN effectively curbs nonradiative recombination losses while facilitating efficient carrier transport, resulting in substantially enhanced open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and fill factor. As a result, the optimized single-junction WBG PSC achieves an impressive efficiency of 23.18 %, with Voc as high as 1.25 V, which is the highest reported for WBG (over 1.67 eV) PSCs. These devices also demonstrate outstanding thermostability and humidity resistance. Notably, this versatile strategy can be extended to textured perovskite/silicon tandem cells, reaching a remarkable efficiency of 28.24 % while maintaining exceptional operational stability.

Stable luminescent metal-organic frameworks as dual-functional materials to encapsulate ln(3+) ions for white-light emission and to detect nitroaromatic explosives.

A stable porous carbazole-based luminescent metal-organic framework, NENU-522, was successfully constructed. It is extremely stable in air and acidic/basic aqueous solutions, which provides the strategy for luminescent material encapsulation of Ln(3+) ions with tunable luminescence for application in light emission. More importantly, Ln(3+)@NENU-522 can emit white light by encapsulating different molar ratios of Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) ions. Additionally, Tb(3+)@NENU-522 is found to be useful as a fluorescent indicator for the qualitative and quantitative detection of nitroaromatic explosives with different numbers of -NO2 groups, and the concentrations of complete quenching are about 2000, 1000, and 80 ppm for nitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, respectively. Meanwhile, Tb(3+)@NENU-522 displays high selectivity and recyclability in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives.

A fluorescent sensor for highly selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives based on a 2D, extremely stable, metal-organic framework.

A 2D, extremely stable, metal-organic framework (MOF), NENU-503, was successfully constructed. It displays highly selective and recyclable properties in detection of nitroaromatic explosives as a fluorescent sensor. This is the first MOF that can distinguish between nitroaromatic molecules with different numbers of NO2 groups.

A microporous anionic metal-organic framework for sensing luminescence of lanthanide(III) ions and selective absorption of dyes by ionic exchange.

Herein, a novel anionic framework with primitive centered cubic (pcu) topology, [(CH3 )2 NH2 ]4 [(Zn4 dttz6 )Zn3 ]⋅15 DMF⋅4.5 H2 O, (IFMC-2; H3 dttz=4,5-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole) was solvothermally isolated. A new example of a tetranuclear zinc cluster {Zn4 dttz6 } served as a secondary building unit in IFMC-2. Furthermore, the metal cluster was connected by Zn(II) ions to give rise to a 3D open microporous structure. The lanthanide(III)-loaded metal-organic framework (MOF) materials Ln(3+) @IFMC-2, were successfully prepared by using ion-exchange experiments owing to the anionic framework of IFMC-2. Moreover, the emission spectra of the as-prepared Ln(3+) @IFMC-2 were investigated, and the results suggested that IFMC-2 could be utilized as a potential luminescent probe toward different Ln(3+) ions. Additionally, the absorption ability of IFMC-2 toward ionic dyes was also performed. Cationic dyes can be absorbed, but not neutral and anionic dyes, thus indicating that IFMC-2 exhibits selective absorption toward cationic dyes. Furthermore, the cationic dyes can be gradually released in the presence of NaCl.

A stable porous anionic metal-organic framework for luminescence sensing of ln(3+) ions and detection of nitrobenzene.

A hexagonal channel-based porous anionic metal-organic framework was successfully constructed. IFMC-3 is stable in air and acidic/basic aqueous solutions at room temperature, and constitutes a selective luminescent sensing material for Ln(3+) ions and a recyclable probe for the sensitive detection of nitrobenzene.