[Medical research on the craniotomy specimens 5000 years ago].

The skull of the master of M392 tomb 5000 years ago unearthed in Guangrao County, Shandong province from 1995 to 1996 had a round and smooth-edged bone defect at its left parietal part. By using the methods of morphological observation and medical imaging, a contrastive research was made between the characteristics of unearthed skull specimens and that of the healing edge of fenestrate bone of the skull after craniotomy and that caused by all sorts of diseases. It is thus proved that the skull defect of M392 tomb master was caused by craniotomy.

[Accuracy and precision of X-ray radiosurgery treatment for tumors in eyeball].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Localization error in X-ray radiosurgery for tumors in eyeball was common due to the rotation of eyeball. The accuracy and precision of X-ray radiosurgery was studied by fixing the eyeball with micro-vacuo-certo-contacting ophthalmophanto (MVCCOP) to reduce the error in this article. METHODS: CT localization accuracy of X-ray radiosurgery system was measured using special markers in skull phantom. The eyeballs were fixed using MVCCOP, which was designed by the authors, and then the eyeball fixation accuracy and target localization accuracy were measured by comparing the CT localization coordinates and verification coordinates of corresponding points. RESULTS: The mean error of CT localization of BRW head-ring was 0.65 mm and maximum error was 1.09 mm. The mean error of fixation of eyeball using MVCCOP was 0.84 mm and maximal error was 1.17 mm. The accuracy of tumor localization in eyeball was 0.87 mm averagely and 1.19 mm maximally. The mean error of SRS200 was 0.22 mm and maximum error was 0.32 mm. The total error was 1.40 mm and 95 percentile confidence error was 2.12 mm. CONCLUSION: The accuracy and precision of X-ray radiosurgery using MVCCOP has come up to the standard of quality control of stereotactic radiosurgery. This localization method can reduce the localization errors in radiosurgery caused by the rotation of eyeball.

[Prognostic factors for deep situated malignant gliomas treated with linac radiosurgery].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Though radiosurgery has been used for more than 10 years, the value of radiosurgery for malignant glioma has not been clarified. This paper was designed to investigate efficacy of radiosurgery to malignant glioma by analyzing the prognostic factors affecting prognosis of malignant gliomas treated with linac radiosurgery. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with deep situated malignant gliomas, 28 anaplastic astrocytomas(AA) and 30 glioblastomas (GBM), aged from 7 to 70 years, were analyzed. The mean volume of tumor was 12.08 cm3, and mean prescription dose for linac radiosurgery was 19.42 Gy. The results were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression. RESULTS: There were 44.8% of the tumors shrank. Median tumor local control interval was 10 months(15 months for AA and 9 months for GBM). Tumor local control probability was 37.9% for 1 year and 10.3% for 2 years. Median survival was 22.5 months for AA and 13 months for GBM and 15 months for all patients. The survival probability was 79.3% at 1 year and 20.6% at 2 years. Isocenter numbers and tumor volume were the prognostic factors for tumor control, but conformity index was prognostic factor for survival as determined by Cox regression analysis. Considered of pathology, only isocenter number and target volume significantly affected the tumor control interval. Complication appeared in 44.8% of the patients and the median interval of complication onset was 8 months. Symptomatic cerebral edema was observed in 31.0% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Linac radiosurgery can effectively improve tumor local control and elongate survival for the patients with deep situated malignant gliomas. Tumor volume is the prognostic factor for tumor control, while conformity index is prognostic factor for survival.