ABSTRACT
A nutrição clínica funcional é uma ciência integrativa fundamentada em evidências científicas, cuja prática engloba a prevenção e tratamento de doenças, com foco na avaliação de aspectos genotípicos e bioquímicos individuais e sua susceptibilidade para o desenvolvimento de doenças. Por meio de cinco princípios básicos (individualidade bioquímica, tratamento centrado no paciente, equilíbrio nutricional/biodisponibilidade de nutrientes, saúde como vitalidade positiva e teia de interconexões metabólicas), permite o desenvolvimento de condutas personalizadas voltadas para o equilíbrio funcional e nutricional do organismo e modulação de fatores que predispõem a desequilíbrios e doenças, promovendo a saúde como vitalidade positiva. A presente revisão visa descrever e discutir os conceitos da nutrição funcional, compreendendo a importância e aplicabilidade dos seus princípios no planejamento de condutas dietéticas individuais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Food , Health , Health Promotion , Individuality , Nutritional SciencesABSTRACT
Low-grade metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by a slight decrease in blood pH, within the range considered normal, and feeding is one of the main factors that may influence the occurrence of such a condition. The excessive consumption of acid precursor foods (sources of phosphorus and proteins), to the detriment of those precursors of bases (sources of potassium, calcium, and magnesium), leads to acid-base balance volubility. If this condition occurs in a prolonged, chronic way, low-grade metabolic acidosis can become significant and predispose to metabolic imbalances such as kidney stone formation, increased bone resorption, reduced bone mineral density, and the loss of muscle mass, as well as the increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Considering the increase in the number of studies investigating the influence of diet-induced metabolic acidosis on clinical outcomes, this review gathers the available evidence evaluating the association of this disturbance and metabolic imbalances, as well as related mechanisms. It is necessary to look at the western dietary pattern of most countries and the increasing incidence of non-comunicable diseases for the balance between fruit and vegetable intake and the appropriate supply of protein, mainly from animal sources, so that it does not exceed the daily recommendations.
Subject(s)
Acidosis/etiology , Diet/adverse effects , Humans , Noncommunicable DiseasesABSTRACT
Phytochemical-rich foods consumption may be a valid nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of weight gain and obesity. The phytochemical index (PI) is a simple and nonspecific method to evaluate the phytochemical intake, defined as the percentage of dietary calories derived from foods rich in phytochemicals. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate whether high consumption of phytochemical-rich foods evaluated by the PI is associated with lower values of anthropometric measurements. The available literature suggests that the PI seems to be inversely associated with body weight and waist circumference. Analyzing the longitudinal changes in anthropometric variables, individuals with high intake of phytochemicals gained less weight and fat mass when compared to those with lower PI. Our findings suggest that higher PI is associated with lower body mass index, waist circumference and adiposity. Whether the results are a reflex of a lower calorie intake or the anti-obesity properties of phytochemicals remains to be elucidated.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Diet , Phytochemicals/administration & dosage , Phytochemicals/analysis , Adiposity , Humans , Obesity/prevention & control , Weight GainABSTRACT
The aim of this commentary was to discuss the last studies regarding the effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation on oxidative stress in exercise in humans. The inclusion criteria encompassed published studies done in adult males and females between 2006 and 2013. The keywords used in the search engine were: endurance athlete, diet, oxidative stress, physical activity, diet, nutrition, antioxidant, antioxidant status, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, ß-carotene and combinations. Twelve studies were identified and organized according to the methodology and results of supplementation: ergogenic, ergolytic, partial or no difference between groups. The results of these studies showed no effect on physiological parameters and activity of antioxidant enzymes (n = 07), better response of the placebo treatment (ergolytic effect; n = 02), partial results (n = 01) and ergogenic results of antioxidant supplementation (n = 02). It is concluded that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has controversial effects to oxidative damage induced by endurance exercise. The discordances among the studies are presented and discussed.
