ABSTRACT
According to the World Health Organization, Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic foodborne pathogens. Poultry products are thought to be the main source of Salmonella, which means that it is necessary to control Salmonella at the pre-harvest stage. Bacteriophages, acting as host-specific parasites of bacterial cells, represent one of the alternatives to antibiotics that can contribute to food safety and security. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of the bacteriophage cocktail SalmoFREE® to control Salmonella on a commercial broiler farm. We assessed the relationship between the use of SalmoFREE® and productivity parameters (feed conversion, weight gain, homogeneity). Two field trials (trial 1 n = 34,986; trial 2 n = 34,680) were carried out under commercial rearing conditions on a Colombian broiler farm with a record of Salmonella presence. Each trial comprised 2 control chicken houses and 2 experimental ones. SalmoFREE® and a control suspension were delivered in the drinking water at 3 time points in the production cycle, and the presence of Salmonella was assessed in cloacal swabs the day before and after the treatments. Results revealed that SalmoFREE® controls the incidence of Salmonella and does not affect the animals nor the production parameters, demonstrating its efficacy and innocuity at the production scale. We detected phage-specific genes in samples of total DNA extracted from ceca after the treatment with SalmoFREE®, and tested for the appearance of cocktail-resistant Salmonella, which showed to be an uncommon event. These results contribute relevant information to the adoption of phage therapy as an alternative to growth-promoter antibiotics on poultry farms.
Subject(s)
Bacteriophages/physiology , Chickens , Poultry Diseases/prevention & control , Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control , Salmonella/physiology , Animals , Colombia , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella/virology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiologySubject(s)
Anaphylaxis/immunology , Tea/immunology , Adult , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anaphylaxis/immunology , Camellia sinensis/adverse effects , Tea/adverse effects , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Skin Tests , Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/adverse effectsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Glycine max/adverse effects , Angioedema/diagnosis , Hot Temperature/adverse effects , Intradermal Tests/statistics & numerical data , Patch Tests/statistics & numerical data , Food Hypersensitivity/drug therapySubject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Primary Health Care/methods , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Heart Rate/drug effects , Humans , Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Schizophrenia/complicationsABSTRACT
Las variaciones asimétricas sutiles de las estructuras maxilomandibulares contralaterales se encuentran presentes comúnmente en la población. Este estudio preliminar de carácter exploratorio pretende determinar la frecuencia de asimetrías maxilomandibulares significativas detectadas radiográficamente en una muestra de pacientes pediátricos. Con este propósito se escogieron radiografías panorámicas preexistentes de pacientes entre 6 y 10 años, con características especificas para el estudio, a las cuales se les aplicó un análisis de Levandoski modificado. Este análisis radiográfico comparativo permite observar posibles discrepancias longitudinales de estructuras anatómicas en sentido transversal.
Subtle asymmetric variations of contralateral structures of the head an face occur commonly in the general population. This exploratory study pretends to determine the frecuency of significant maxilomandibular asymmetries detected radiographically in a pediatric patients sample. With this purpose panoramic radiographies of patients from six to ten years old were chosen. A modified Levandoski Panoramic Analysis was used to determine radiographic asymmetries. A considerable frecuency of maxilomadibular asymmetry might suggest, there is a need to apply a modified Levandoski analysis in a routinary manner, in order to achieve integral diagnosis in pediatric patients.
