[Differences in disability-free life expectancy by gender and autonomous regions in Spain]. / Diferencias en la esperanza de vida libre de discapacidad por sexo y comunidades autónomas en España.

BACKGROUND: Improvement of population health is the main aim and an important challenge for the health system. To monitor the population health indicators like disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) have been implemented. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the geographical distribution of DFLE according to autonomous regions in Spain. METHODS: Data of mortality, population and disability for the year 1999, provided by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), were used. To calculate DFLE by gender and region we used the Sullivan method that weights the expected time to live according to the status of disablement of the population. The standard error of DFLE, the expectation of disability and the proportion of time lived free of disability have also been estimated. RESULTS: In 1999 the DFLE at birth in Spain was 68.5 year for men and 72.2 years in women. Men lived proportionally more time free of disability than women (91% versus 87.7%) with an expectation of disability of 6.8 and 10.1 years respectively. Variability among regions was higher in DFLE than in life expectancy (LE). The regions with highest LE are not always those with the highest proportion of time lived without disability. CONCLUSIONS: Highest life expectancy does not always mean best health as it has been assumed currently. The DFLE indicator is a useful tool to show health status differences among the Spanish population.

Distribución geográfica y evolución temporal de la mortalidad evitable en Cataluña (1986-2001) / Geographical distribution and time trends in avoidable mortality in Catalonia, Spain (1986-2001)

Objetivos:Analizar la evolución temporal y la distribución geográfica por sectores sanitarios de la mortalidad evitable en Cataluña. Material y métodos:Se analizó la mortalidad evitable según la clasificación utilizada en el Departamento de Salud de Cataluña por sectores sanitarios durante el período 1986-2001 y se agruparon las causas en tratables o prevenibles. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por el método directo e indirecto y la razón de mortalidad comparativa para el grupo de tratables y prevenibles y para los 46 sectores sanitarios. También se calculó el promedio de cambio anual ajustado por edad mediante la regresión de Poisson de la mortalidad evitable y general. Resultados: El total de defunciones evitables fue 61.261 (el 7,3% de la mortalidad general). 10.623 (17,34%) se clasificaron como tratables y 50.638 (82,65%) como prevenibles. El promedio de cambio anual para las causas evitables fue del ­2,43% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, ­2,60 a ­2,26), superior al ­1,57% (IC del 95%, ­1,61 a ­1,52) de la mortalidad general. Las tasas fueron más elevadas para las causas prevenibles que para las tratables, aunque en ambos grupos se apreció un descenso de la mortalidad. El sector sanitario del Segrià destaca por presentar sobremortalidad en los 2 períodos y en los 2 grupos de causas. Cuatro sectores sanitarios presentan un aumento significativo de la mortalidad por causas prevenibles, pero ninguno por causas tratables. Conclusiones: En Cataluña, durante el período 1986-2001 se produce un descenso de la mortalidad evitable, mayor que el de la mortalidad general. La distribución geográfica muestra una gran dispersión, aunque se identifican claramente zonas en las que es necesaria la intervención preventiva

Objectives:To analyze time trends and geographical variation in avoidable mortality by health areas in Catalonia. Material and methods:Avoidable mortality was analyzed according to the classification used by the Health Department of the Regional Government of Catalonia from 1986-2001 for health areas and causes were grouped as treatable and preventable. Standarized mortality rates were calculated by the direct and indirect method and the comparative mortality figures were calculated for the treatable and preventable groups and for the 46 health areas. The mean annual change adjusted for age was also calculated using a Poisson regression of avoidable and general mortality. Results:The total number of avoidable deaths was 61261 (7.3% of overall deaths). 10623 cases (17.34%) were classified as treatable and 50638 (82.65%) as preventable. The mean annual change for avoidable causes was ­2.43% (95% CI, ­2.60 to ­2.26), higher than the ­1.57% (95% CI, ­1.61 to ­1.52) change for general mortality. The rates were higher for preventable causes than for treatable causes, although mortality decreased in both groups. The health area of Segrià was notable for its significantly higher mortality from both treatable and preventable causes in both periods. Four health areas showed a significant increase in mortality from preventable causes but none showed an increase in mortality from treatable causes. Conclusions: In Catalonia, the decrease in avoidable mortality was greater than that in general mortality from 1986 to 2001. The geographical distribution shows wide dispersion but allows areas requiring preventive interventions to be identified

Distribución geográfica y evolución temporal de la mortalidad evitable en Cataluña (1986-2001) / Geographical distribution and time trends in avoidable mortality in Catalonia, Spain (1986-2001)

Objetivos:Analizar la evolución temporal y la distribución geográfica por sectores sanitarios de la mortalidad evitable en Cataluña. Material y métodos:Se analizó la mortalidad evitable según la clasificación utilizada en el Departamento de Salud de Cataluña por sectores sanitarios durante el período 1986-2001 y se agruparon las causas en tratables o prevenibles. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por el método directo e indirecto y la razón de mortalidad comparativa para el grupo de tratables y prevenibles y para los 46 sectores sanitarios. También se calculó el promedio de cambio anual ajustado por edad mediante la regresión de Poisson de la mortalidad evitable y general. Resultados: El total de defunciones evitables fue 61.261 (el 7,3% de la mortalidad general). 10.623 (17,34%) se clasificaron como tratables y 50.638 (82,65%) como prevenibles. El promedio de cambio anual para las causas evitables fue del ­2,43% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, ­2,60 a ­2,26), superior al ­1,57% (IC del 95%, ­1,61 a ­1,52) de la mortalidad general. Las tasas fueron más elevadas para las causas prevenibles que para las tratables, aunque en ambos grupos se apreció un descenso de la mortalidad. El sector sanitario del Segrià destaca por presentar sobremortalidad en los 2 períodos y en los 2 grupos de causas. Cuatro sectores sanitarios presentan un aumento significativo de la mortalidad por causas prevenibles, pero ninguno por causas tratables. Conclusiones: En Cataluña, durante el período 1986-2001 se produce un descenso de la mortalidad evitable, mayor que el de la mortalidad general. La distribución geográfica muestra una gran dispersión, aunque se identifican claramente zonas en las que es necesaria la intervención preventiva

Objectives:To analyze time trends and geographical variation in avoidable mortality by health areas in Catalonia. Material and methods:Avoidable mortality was analyzed according to the classification used by the Health Department of the Regional Government of Catalonia from 1986-2001 for health areas and causes were grouped as treatable and preventable. Standarized mortality rates were calculated by the direct and indirect method and the comparative mortality figures were calculated for the treatable and preventable groups and for the 46 health areas. The mean annual change adjusted for age was also calculated using a Poisson regression of avoidable and general mortality. Results:The total number of avoidable deaths was 61261 (7.3% of overall deaths). 10623 cases (17.34%) were classified as treatable and 50638 (82.65%) as preventable. The mean annual change for avoidable causes was ­2.43% (95% CI, ­2.60 to ­2.26), higher than the ­1.57% (95% CI, ­1.61 to ­1.52) change for general mortality. The rates were higher for preventable causes than for treatable causes, although mortality decreased in both groups. The health area of Segrià was notable for its significantly higher mortality from both treatable and preventable causes in both periods. Four health areas showed a significant increase in mortality from preventable causes but none showed an increase in mortality from treatable causes. Conclusions: In Catalonia, the decrease in avoidable mortality was greater than that in general mortality from 1986 to 2001. The geographical distribution shows wide dispersion but allows areas requiring preventive interventions to be identifiedObjectives:To analyze time trends and geographical variation in avoidable mortality by health areas in Catalonia. Material and methods:Avoidable mortality was analyzed according to the classification used by the Health Department of the Regional Government of Catalonia from 1986-2001 for health areas and causes were grouped as treatable and preventable. Standarized mortality rates were calculated by the direct and indirect method and the comparative mortality figures were calculated for the treatable and preventable groups and for the 46 health areas. The mean annual change adjusted for age was also calculated using a Poisson regression of avoidable and general mortality. Results:The total number of avoidable deaths was 61261 (7.3% of overall deaths). 10623 cases (17.34%) were classified as treatable and 50638 (82.65%) as preventable. The mean annual change for avoidable causes was ­2.43% (95% CI, ­2.60 to ­2.26), higher than the ­1.57% (95% CI, ­1.61 to ­1.52) change for general mortality. The rates were higher for preventable causes than for treatable causes, although mortality decreased in both groups. The health area of Segrià was notable for its significantly higher mortality from both treatable and preventable causes in both periods. Four health areas showed a significant increase in mortality from preventable causes but none showed an increase in mortality from treatable causes. Conclusions: In Catalonia, the decrease in avoidable mortality was greater than that in general mortality from 1986 to 2001. The geographical distribution shows wide dispersion but allows areas requiring preventive interventions to be identified