Florida-California Cancer Health Equity Center (CaRE2) Community Scientist Research Advocacy Program.

The Community Scientist Program (CSP), a model connecting researchers with community members, is effective to inform and involve the general population in health-related clinical research. Given the existing cancer disparities among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a populations, more models describing how cancer-related CSPs are designed, implemented, and evaluated are needed. The Florida-California Cancer Research, Education and Engagement (CaRE2) Health Equity Center is a tri-institutional, bicoastal center created to eliminate cancer health disparities among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a populations living in California and in Florida. The CaRE2 Center created a Community Scientist Research Advocacy (CSRA) training program for community members to become cancer research advocates. The CSRA program is currently a 13-week program conducted 100% virtually with all materials provided in English and Spanish for participants to learn more about prostate, lung, and pancreas cancers, ongoing research at CaRE2, and ways to share cancer research throughout their communities. Participants attend didactic lectures on cancer research during weeks 1-5. In week 4, participants join CSRA self-selected groups based on cancer-related topics of interest. Each group presents their cancer-related advocacy project developed during weeks 5-12 at the final session. In this paper, we describe the CaRE2 Health Equity Center's CSRA program, share results, and discuss opportunities for improvement in future program evaluation as well as replication of this model in other communities.

Comportamiento rroductivo de novillos pastoreano en trópico de altura con y siin suplementación enegéética / Produtive perforrmance of steers grazing in highland ropics with andd without energy supplementation

En Colombia, la producción de carne bovina tradicionalmente se realiza en el trópico bajo, mientras que en el trópico de altura, los sistemas ganaderos predominantes son de lechería especializada. Las gramíneas de trópico alto son de mayor valor nutricional que las de trópico bajo, aunque pueden presentar un exceso de proteína, por lo cual una estrategia de suplementación debe basarse en la inclusión de materias primas energéticas. Al analizar la oferta de nutrientes en el pasto kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) se observan altos contenidos de proteína (20.6%) y baja disponibilidad de energía (2.31 Mcal EM/ kg). Así, el presente estudio se realizó con el propósito de evaluar la producción de carne bovina en condiciones de trópico de altura (Santa Rosa de Osos, Antioquia). Durante 122 días se evaluó el crecimiento de 18 novillos de diversos cruces, que pastoreaban en dos grupos en praderas de kikuyo hasta alcanzar el peso de beneficio (420 kg). El primer grupo (peso inicial 316±370 kg) recibió 0.55 kg/día de un suplemento energético a base de maíz, melaza y sebo (51%, 12% y 37%, respectivamente), mientras el segundo grupo (peso inicial 322,8±27.8 kg) se encontraba sólo en pastoreo. Los animales suplementados (CS) pastoreaban en 2.5 ha y los no suplementados (SS) en 3.2 ha. Hubo una ganancia total de 78.8 y 73.3 kg de peso/novillo durante todo el período, equivalentes a ganar 646 y 601 gr/animal/día y a producir 848.5 y 617.1 kg de carne/ha/año en el sistema CS y SS, respectivamente. Cebar novillos en trópico de altura puede ser una actividad productiva exitosa, pero es necesario identificar, tanto el nivel de inclusión, como la fuente energética adecuada para mejorar la relación energía:proteína en la dieta de animales pastoreando P. clandestinum.

In Colombia, beef cattle are traditionally raised in lowland areas, whereas dairies are the predominant production systems in the highland areas. Highland grasses are of greater nutritional value (protein content and digestibility) than lowland grasses, but may have an excess of protein, so supplementation strategies should be based on the inclusion of energy feeds. After determining that the protein content in kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) is very high (20.6%) and that the availability of energy (2.31 Mcal ME/ kg DM) is the most limiting dietary factor, a study to evaluate the production of beef under tropical highland conditions was carried out in santa Rosa de Osos, Antioquia. in this study, the growth of 18 steers of different crosses, homogeneously distributed in two groups grazing on Kikuyu pastures was assessed for 122 days until animals reached harvest weight (420 kg). The first group (316 ± 37.0 kg initial live weight) received 0.55 kg/day of a corn, molasses and tallow (51, 12, and 37%, respectively) energy supplement, while the second group (322.8 ± 27.8 kg initial live weight) was only grazing. supplemented animals (s) grazed in 2.5 ha, whereas non-supplemented animals (Ns) grazed in 3.2 ha. Total weight gain for the entire period was 78.8 and 73.3 kg for s and Ns animals, respectively. Fattening steers in tropic highlands can be a successful production activity, but it is necessary to identify both an appropriate energy source and its level of inclusion to improve the protein:energy ratio in the diet of beef steers grazing in P. clandestinum pastures.

DESEMPEÑO PRODUCTIVO DE POLLOS DE ENGORDE SUPLEMENTADOS CON BIOMASA DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae DERIVADA DE LA FERMENTACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DE BANANO / PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS SUPPLEMENTED WITH Saccharomyces cerevisiae DERIVED FROM THE FERMENTATION OF BANANA RESIDUES

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de biomasa de levaduras, producidos al fermentar hidrolizados de residuos de la industria bananera, sobre los parámetros zootécnicos de pollos de engorde, evaluando además el impacto económico de su uso en las dietas. Se utilizaron 210 pollos de engorde de un día de edad, distribuidos completamente al azar en cinco tratamientos, en una relación de seis réplicas por tratamiento y siete pollos por réplica. El periodo experimental comprendió 42 días; el alimento y el agua se dispensaron a voluntad. Las dietas experimentales fueron: T1- Control negativo sin levadura, T2- Control positivo con levadura comercial a razón de 1,5 kg ton-1 de alimento, T3- Levadura experimental a razón de 0,5 kg ton-1 de la dieta, T4- Levadura experimental a razón de 1,0 kg ton-1 de la dieta y T5- Levadura experimental a razón de 1,5 kg ton-1 de la dieta. Se observó mayor consumo de acumulado alimento en el tratamiento 4 (1kg ton-1 de levadura) con respecto a los demás tratamientos evaluados. No hubo diferencias significativas (P>0.05) en las otras variables evaluadas en el estudio. Se constató beneficio económico con el uso del tratamiento 4 pues se obtuvieron mejores retornos (precio de venta del pollo - costo de la alimentación) que fueron mayores a los observados en los tratamientos 1, 2, 3 y 5 en 153, 82, 62 y 161 pesos($) ave-1, respectivamente.

The objective of this study was to evaluate both the effect of including different levels of yeast biomass produced during the fermentation of banana waste residues on broiler productivity and the economic return of the exercise. We used 210 one-day-old broilers, which were distributed at random into five treatments, with six replicates per treatment and seven chicks per replicate, housed in vertical batteries equipped with electric heating. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experimental period lasted 42 days and the experimental diets were: T1- Negative control without yeast, T2- Positive control with commercial yeast at 1.5 kg ton-1 of feed, T3- experimental yeast at 0.5 kg ton-1 of diet, T4- experimental yeast at 1.0 kg ton-1 of diet and T4- experimental yeast at 1.5 kg ton-1 of the diet. Both animal productivity and economical return were evaluated. Significant differences (P>0.05) were present in the cumulative feed intake in treatment 4 (1kg ton-1 yeast) with respect to the other treatments. No significant differences were found in the other variables assessed in the study. There was an economic benefit to including treatment 4, in the form of higher returns (chicken sale price minus feed costs) of 153, 82, 62 and 161 Colombian pesos ($) bird-1, compared to those observed in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively.

Hiperintensidad de surcos en FLAIR en un caso de hipertensión intracraneal idiopática / Sulcal hyperintensity on FLAIR-MRI in a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

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Regiones del cromosoma 5 asociadas a características de crecimiento en ganado criollo romosinuano / Chromosomal 5 regions associated with growth traits in the romosinuan o creole cattle

El crecimiento es una de las características de naturaleza cuantitativa que influye en la calidad de la canal. En el presente estudio se identificaron las regiones cromosomales responsables para la variación del crecimiento en el cromosoma 5 en una población de ganado criollo romosinuano. Se evaluaron en 72 progenies las características de peso alnacimiento, peso al destete, peso a los 12 meses y a los 16 meses, área de ojo del lomo alos 12 y 16 meses, espesor de grasa dorsal a los 12 y 16 meses, espesor de grasa del anca a los 12 y 16 meses, ganancia diaria predestete y posdestete, al igual que los genotipos de tres polimorfismos de nucleótido simple de los genes MYF5, PDE1B e IGF1 y decuatro microsatélites BM6026, CSSM34, RM500, ETH10, distribuidos a lo largo del cromosoma. Se realizó un análisis de regresión linear el cual mostró el efecto de seis loci de rasgos cuantitativos (QTL) asociados a características de crecimiento. Cinco QTL fueron significativos (p≤0,05) para las características de peso al nacimiento, peso a los16 meses, área del ojo de lomo a los 12 y 16 meses y ganancia diaria posdestete y un QTL se encontró con una significancia de p≤0,01 para la característica ganancia diaria predestete. Los resultados demostraron que los genes MYF5, PDE1B, IGF1 pueden ser genes candidatos posicionales que inciden en la variación del crecimiento para la calidad de la canal en el ganado romosinuano.

Growth is a quantitative trait that influences the carcass quality. In the present study, bovine chromosomal 5 regions responsible for growth variations have been identified in a Romosinuano creole cattle population. The traits birth weight, weaning weight,12 months weight, 16 months weight, the rib eye area at 12 and 16 months, back fatthickness at 12 and 16 months, rump fat thickness at 12 and 16 months, preweaning and postweaning daily gain were evaluated in 72 progenies, as well as the genotypes of 3 SNPs from the MYF5, PDE1B, IGF1 genes and 4 microsatellites (BM6026,CSSM34, RM500, ETH10) distributed along the chromosome. A linear regression analysis showed the six QTL effect associated with growth traits. Five QTL were significant at p≤0.05 for the triait birth weight, weight at 16 months, rib eye area at 12 and 16 months, and preweaning daily gain interval between 45 and 105 cM and aQTL showed a level significance of p ≤ 0.01 for the postweaning daily gain. It was demostrated according to the position of the QTLs identified in the present study, that the MYF5, PDE1B and IGF1 genes might be positional candidate genes affecting the growth variation for carcass quality in Romosinuano cattle.

Association of serum pepsinogen with atrophic body gastritis in Costa Rica.

Individuals with atrophic gastritis (AG), especially atrophic body gastritis (ABG), are at increased risk of developing gastric cancer. Serum concentrations of pepsinogens (PG) have been proposed as markers for ABG. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for AG and ABG and the potential of using serum PG concentrations to detect ABG in a dyspeptic population in Costa Rica, which is one of the countries with the highest incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in the world. Seven biopsy specimens, a fasting blood sample and a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic factors were obtained from 501 consecutive dyspeptic patients. The serum PGI level and the PGI/PGII ratios were significantly lower in patients with ABG than in other groups (P<0.000). A cut-off point of 3.4 led to a sensitivity of 91.2% in identifying ABG, a negative predictive value of 98.1%, but a positive predictive value of only 11.2%. Helicobacter pylori were present in 93% of the patients and all those with peptic ulcers were positive. AG was associated with increased age, lower body mass index, high alcohol intake and low fruit consumption. ABG was associated with age, alcohol consumption and PGI/PGII<3.4. In dyspeptic patients with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection, serum PG levels provide an assessment of ABG but it is necessary to introduce other serological and genetic markers in order to achieve a better specificity. Those markers could be serum antibodies to H. pylori-CagA, cytokine gene polymorphisms or others.

Intake, digestion, and nitrogen utilization by sheep fed tropical legumes with contrasting tannin concentration and astringency.

We conducted an experiment to determine the effects of concentration and astringency of extractable and bound condensed tannins (CT) in tropical legumes on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) utilization by sheep. The test legumes (Desmodium ovalifolium and Flemingia macrophylla) had similar concentrations of extractable CT (90 g/kg DM) but different concentrations of bound CT and astringency of tannins. Chopped, sun-dried forage of each legume was sprayed with either water (control) or polyethylene glycol (PEG, 35 g/kg of DM) to bind extractable CT and fed daily (26 g/kg BW) to eight sheep with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. The sheep also received starch-extracted cassava meal intraruminally (4 g/kg BW) as a constant source of readily fermentable carbohydrates. Intake of the two legumes was not different (P > .05), but it increased an average of 10% (P < .01) when extractable CT were reduced from 90 to 50 g/kg of DM with PEG. Ruminal and total tract digestibilities of OM, NDF, and ADF were greater (P < .01) with D. ovalifolium than with F. macrophylla and increased for both legumes with the addition of PEG. Greater (P < .01) N flow to the duodenum, N absorbed from the intestine, and fecal N were observed with F. macrophylla than with D. ovalifolium. Extraction of CT with PEG resulted in less (P < .05) ruminal escape protein and less (P < .01) fecal N with both legumes, but apparent postruminal N digestion was not affected. Changes in the concentration of extractable CT in tropical legumes can significantly affect forage intake, digestion, and N utilization by sheep.