ABSTRACT
Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood. Here we perform a comparative analysis of skin microbial communities coupled to global patterns of cutaneous gene expression in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. The skin microbiota is analysed by 16S amplicon or whole genome sequencing and the skin transcriptome by microarrays, followed by integration of the data layers. We find that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis can be classified by distinct microbes, which differ from healthy volunteers microbiome composition. Atopic dermatitis is dominated by a single microbe (Staphylococcus aureus), and associated with a disease relevant host transcriptomic signature enriched for skin barrier function, tryptophan metabolism and immune activation. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by co-occurring communities of microbes with weak associations with disease related gene expression. Our work provides a basis for biomarker discovery and targeted therapies in skin dysbiosis.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics , Host Microbial Interactions/genetics , Microbiota/genetics , Psoriasis/genetics , Skin/metabolism , Skin/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Dermatitis, Atopic/microbiology , Dysbiosis/genetics , Female , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psoriasis/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Young AdultABSTRACT
Lymphatic infiltration is a well known phenomenon in different tumors including endocrine malignancies. However, little is known about the role of antigen-presenting cells and T cell activation in this context. The aim of our study was to investigate the quantity and function of CD14+/CD56+ monocytes in tumor patients including endocrine malignancies. First, these cells were characterized in peripheral blood of endocrine and non-endocrine cancer patients as well as in tumor tissue samples. Cancer patients had in mean 3.7 times more CD14+/CD56+ monocytes in the peripheral blood compared to healthy controls (p≤0.0001), while the highest frequencies were seen in patients with heavy tumor load. Importantly, these cells additionally expressed several NK cell markers. A proof of CD14+/CD56+ infiltrations into papillary thyroid carcinoma was shown by immunohistochemical analyses. Functional analyses revealed an apoptosis inducing capacity in vitro after IFN-α re-stimulation. Our data indicate the importance of tumor-lysing monocytes in antitumor immunity.
