The Results of Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation Treatment in Children with Achalasia: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Achalasia is a primary motility disorder characterized by a relaxation disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter. In pneumatic balloon dilatation, which is one of the treatment methods, the muscle fibers are torn with an endoscopically inflated balloon in the lower esophageal sphincter. This study aimed to evaluate the results of long-term pneumatic balloon dilatation treatment in our clinic for children diagnosed with achalasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pediatric patients who underwent pneumatic balloon dilatation with a diagnosis of achalasia in our pediatric gastroenterology clinic between 2016 and 2021 were included in the study. Demographic data of the patients, clinical findings at diagnosis, and follow-up results were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Ten patients who underwent 18 pneumatic balloon dilatation operations were included in the study. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 23.7 ± 14.1 months. It was observed that the procedure was performed once in 3 (30%) patients, twice in 2 (20%) patients, and 3 times in 3 (30%) patients. It is noteworthy that the diameter of the balloon used in the first procedure in patients who needed repeated operations was less than 30 mm. No complications were observed except for chest pain, which was detected in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: When the patients who needed recurrent dilatation were evaluated, it was noted that the diameter of the balloon in which the first procedure was performed in these patients was smaller. This study is an important contribution to the literature due to the scarcity of the pediatric achalasia data, in which long-term results related to pneumatic balloon dilatation are reported in Turkey.

Determination of High-Resolution HLA-DQB1 Suballeles and IL-17 Polymorphisms in Turkish Pediatric Patients.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy in the small intestine caused by gluten intolerance of the patients. The most important genetic disease-related factor is human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ polymorphism. Association between interleukin (IL)-17A expression of CD4 + T cells and various autoimmune diseases has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2275913) IL-17A and HLA-DQ polymorphisms in Turkish pediatric celiac patients. Study group included 125 pediatric celiac patients with CD and 100 healthy pediatric controls. Deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated from peripheral blood samples. IL-17A polymorphism (rs2275913) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism method. IL-17A polymorphism and low-/high-resolution HLA-DQ results of patients were evaluated. GG and GA genotype frequencies of IL-17A (rs2275913) polymorphism were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the CD patients than the control group. HLA-DQB1*02 and HLA-DQA1*05 alleles were detected in patients, while HLA-DQB1*03 and HLA-DQA1*01 alleles in the control group. Also, when we compared the patient and control groups in terms of HLA-DQ-DR haplotypes, HLA-DQB1*02-DQA1*05-DRB1*03 was found with the relative risk of 42.5 ( p < 0.05). As a result of high-resolution HLA-DQB1 typing, DQB1*02:01 and DQB1*03:02 were at high frequency ( p < 0.05; in 25 patient group). IL-17A (rs2275913) polymorphism genotype frequency was found to be significant in the patient group compared with the control group. The most common HLA-DQB1 suballele was observed as DQB1*02:01.

Gilbert Syndrome and Genetic Findings in Children: A Tertiary-Center Experience from Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: Gilbert syndrome (GS) is a disease characterized by mildly elevated indirect serum bilirubin levels due to mutation in the promoter of the UGT1A1 gene, which causes a decrease in uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase enzyme activity. Gilbert syndrome should be considered based on clinical and laboratory findings in differential diagnosis, which can be supported by genetic analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical findings and UGT1A1 mutations of children with Gilbert syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who were admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology clinic and who were considered to have Gilbert syndrome based on clinical and laboratory findings were included in the study. The UGT1A1 analysis was performed by Sanger sequence analysis. RESULTS: A total of 56 children were included in the study. A(TA)7TAA, A(TA)6TAA, and (TA)6/7 allele promoter polymorphism was detected in 75.5%, 22.5%, and 2% of the patients, respectively. Other than these, in 3 patients, 3 different sequence variants associated with GS [c.880_893delinsA (p.Tyr294MetfsTer69) and c.1091C>T(p.Pro365Leu)] were detected. CONCLUSION: We detected 7 TA repeats in the majority of our patients. A mild bilirubin elevation was determined in cases with 6 repetitions that were not considered risky for Gilbert syndrome. We concluded that the c.880_893delinsA (p.Tyr294MetfsTer69) variant, previously shown to be associated with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I, may also be associated with partial enzyme deficiency leading to the Gilbert syndrome phenotype.

Evaluation of Children Undergoing Endoscopic Procedures During the Normalization of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Given that procedures involving gastrointestinal tract lumens are high-risk and aerosol forming, the functioning of endos- copy units has been reorganized during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Guidelines recommend that all personnel should carry out procedures in a negative-pressure room with personal protective equipment; in the absence of a negative-pressure room, an ade- quately ventilated room should be used. During the normalization of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, this study aimed to evalu- ate children who were treated in our endoscopy unit without a negative-pressure chamber in terms of coronavirus disease 2019 after procedures. METHODS: Patients were questioned and evaluated prospectively for symptoms and contact with coronavirus disease 2019 patients on before and 7th and 14th days after the procedure. RESULTS: Seventy-eight procedures were performed on 69 patients over a 3-month period. The mean age of patients was 12.0 ± 5.1 years. Among all the procedures performed, 54 (69.2%) involved upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) endoscopy and 24 (30.8%) involved colo- noscopy. Furthermore, 72 (91.3%) of the procedures were performed in the pediatric endoscopy unit, and 6 (7.7%) were performed in the operating room. No coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms or presence was detected in the patients. CONCLUSION: The ideal setting for an endoscopic procedure is in a negative-pressure chamber. However, this study has shown that endoscopic procedures can be performed in units without negative-pressure rooms but with appropriate protective equipment and evaluation of patients for coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms.

Efficiency of azathioprine monotherapy for maintenance treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in children.

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a common pediatric liver disease and long-term remission is usually maintained with low dose prednisolone and azathioprine (AZA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of AZA monotherapy for maintenance treatment of children with AIH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of the 55 children with AIH. Patients were divided into two groups: combination therapy (CT) and AZA group based on maintenance therapy. Results of these two different maintenance treatments were compared in children with AIH. RESULTS: The mean age of the children was 10.67 ± 4.30 years (61.8% females) with a mean follow-up period of 46.8 ± 33.6 months. For maintenance treatment, 39 (70.9%) patients received AZA and 16 (29.1%) patients received CT. Relapse was observed in nine (19.6%) cases in the follow-up period; two were in the CT group (2/16; 12.5%) and seven (7/39; 17.9%) were in the AZA group (P = 0.620). In AZA group, the duration of remission was 22.2 ± 6.1 months and that was longer than CT group (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that AZA monotherapy is an effective and safe therapy for maintaining remission in children with AIH. AZA monotherapy may be used for maintenance treatment of children with AIH, except in cases of overlap syndrome and also to avoid side effects of long-term used steroids and to improve treatment compliance in proper cases.

The effects of Mediterranean diet on hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in children and adolescents. The optimal dietary strategy to improve hepatic stetatosis and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in adolescents is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) versus low-fat diet (LFD) on hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adolescents with obesity and NAFLD. METHODS: Adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD between the ages of 11-18 years were randomized to either a MD or conventional LFD (control diet) for 12 weeks. Dietary status, anthropometry, body composition, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Hepatic steatosis was determined by ultrasonography. RESULTS: A total of 44 participants completed the study. At the end of the study, severity of hepatic steatosis, serum transaminase levels, and insulin resistance decreased significantly in both groups with no significant differences between groups except for aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The amount of decrease in AST levels in the MD group was greater than the LFD group (p < 0.05). In the MD group, serum total antioxidant capacity, paraoxanase-1, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased (p < 0.05); it did not change in the LFD group compared to baseline (p > 0.05). C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels decreased only in the MD group (p = 0.008), interleukine-6 decreased only in the LFD group (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Consumption of MD and LFD for 12 weeks in adolescents with obesity and NAFLD reduced BMI, fat mass, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, improved high transaminase levels, and had positive effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04845373.

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Children over 7 Years in a Medical Center in Turkey.

The aims of the study were to describe Candida species in children with candidemia, to determine the changing epidemiology of candidemia over time in our tertiary care hospital, and to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with candidemia caused by parapsilosis and nonparapsilosis Candida spp. From 2012 to 2018, we identified a total of 126 cases of candidemia. The most commonly isolated Candida sp. was C. parapsilosis (n = 71, 56.3%), followed by C. albicans (n = 34, 26.9%). A total of 21 candidemia episodes (16.6%) were caused by other Candida species. Patients were divided into two groups (parapsilosis and nonparapsilosis) to identify any potential differences between the groups in terms of risk factors, mortality, and antifungal resistance. The median age of the patients, the median durations of the hospital and pediatric intensive care unit stay, receipt of immunosuppressive therapy within 2 weeks of developing candidemia, the rate of using total parenteral nutrition, need for mechanical ventilation, and receipt of carbapenems were statistically significantly higher in the parapsilosis group than in the nonparapsilosis group (P = 0.020, P = 0.001, P = 0.011, P = 0.036, P = 0.002, P = 0.038, and P = 0.004, respectively). The overall 30-day mortality rates (4.2% versus 3.6%) and resistance to fluconazole (33.8% versus 32.7%) were similar between the groups (P = 0.790 and P = 0.860, respectively). The distribution of Candida strains isolated in this study was consistent with the global trend, with C. parapsilosis being the most commonly identified species. Determining local epidemiologic data at regular intervals in candidemia cases is important in terms of determining both the changing epidemiology and empirical antifungal agents. IMPORTANCE In our study, the changing epidemiology of Candida species in candidemia in children was evaluated. The dominance of Candida parapsilosis species in the changing epidemiology was remarkable. We found that fluconazole resistance was high in both parapsilosis and nonparapsilosis groups. Updating local epidemiologic data at certain intervals in candidemia cases is important in determining both the changing epidemiology and empirical antifungal agents.

Familial Mediterranean Fever Mutation Analysis in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) mutation analysis in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relation between MEFV mutations and chronic inflammatory diseases has been reported previously. METHODS: Children with IBD (334 ulcerative colitis (UC), 224 Crohn's disease (CD), 39 indeterminate colitis (IC)) were tested for FMF mutations in this multicenter study. The distribution of mutations according to disease type, histopathological findings, and disease activity indexes was determined. RESULTS: A total of 597 children (mean age: 10.8 ± 4.6 years, M/F: 1.05) with IBD were included in the study. In this study, 41.9% of the patients had FMF mutations. E148Q was the most common mutation in UC and CD, and M694V in IC (30.5%, 34.5%, 47.1%, respectively). There was a significant difference in terms of endoscopic and histopathological findings according to mutation types (homozygous/ heterozygous) in patients with UC (P < .05). There was a statistically significant difference between colonoscopy findings in patients with or without mutations (P = .031, P = .045, respectively). The patients with UC who had mutations had lower Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) scores than the patients without mutations (P = .007). CONCLUSION: Although FMF mutations are unrelated to CD patients, but observed in UC patients with low PUCAI scores, it was established that mutations do not have a high impact on inflammatory response and clinical outcome of the disease.

A Neurological Appearance of Celiac Disease: Is There Any Associated Factor?

OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease may present with one or more neurological signs and/or symptoms. We aimed to define the incidence of accompanying neurological manifestations in children diagnosed as having celiac disease. METHODS: The prospective study included 146 children diagnosed as having celiac disease. The medical records (presentation symptoms, clinical findings, serological test, duodenal biopsy results, lack/deficiency of vitamin, tissue type, accompanying autoimmune disorders) and demographic data of all patients were also reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-five (23.9%) of the 146 celiac patients exhibited one or more neurological findings. Headache (11.6%) and dizziness (6.1%) were the most common symptoms among neurological manifestations. There was a significant difference between the patients with and without neurological manifestations in terms of sex, biopsy result, and tissue type (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between tissue types of the patients with and without headache (P < 0.05). We found that grade 3a by Marsh classification was the most common type among the patients with and without neurological findings in celiac disease. On neuroimaging evaluation of patients, 1 patient with chronic focal ischemic lesion, 1 patient with Chiari type 1 malformation, and 1 patient with subcortical white matter changes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Pathophysiology of neurological involvement in celiac disease is liable for various neurological findings. This study contributes to data suggesting that female sex, mild histopathological form, and human leukocyte antigen DQ2 heterozygosity are related to neurological manifestations, and also human leukocyte antigen DQ2 heterozygosity is associated with headache in celiac disease.

Outcome of Children With Intestinal Failure Due to Waardenburg Syndrome From an Intestinal Transplant Center: A Case Series.

Waardenburg syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by hearing loss and pigmentation abnormalities. Waardenburg syndrome type 4 is very rare, and children with Waardenburg syndrome type 4 present with intestinal aganglionosis. The associated findings and severity of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 may also differ significantly between cases. Intestinal insufficiency is probable and creates difficulties in terms of treatment; intestinal transplant may be required. In this case report, we present 4 cases of patients with Waardenburg syndrome who have intestinal issues, 2 of whom underwent small bowel transplant. Appropriate surgical and nutritional management should be provided for patients with Waardenburg syndrome type 4 who have gastrointestinal manifestations.

Renal-Hepatic-Pancreatic Dysplasia: An Ultra-Rare Ciliopathy with a Novel NPHP3 Genotype.

Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia-1 (RHPD1) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder with a high mortality. It is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in NPHP3 , which encode nephrocytin, an important component of the ciliary protein complex. The NPHP3 -related disease phenotype is diverse with RHPD1, nephronophthisis-3, and Meckel syndrome-7. In this case report, we present a female infant with hepatomegaly, cholestasis, and elevated transaminases who was found to carry a homozygous c.2975C > T variant of NPHP3. This is the first description of this genotype and RHPD1 phenotype in the literature. The patient is currently being closely monitored for the necessity of combined renal and liver transplantation under supportive treatment.

Liver Involvement in Children with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Multicenter Study.

PURPOSE: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) in one of the most common genetic causes of liver disease in children. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with A1ATD. METHODS: This study included patients with A1ATD from five pediatric hepatology units. Demographics, clinical findings, genetics, and outcome of the patients were recorded (n=25). RESULTS: Eight patients (32.0%) had homozygous PiZZ genotype while 17 (68.0%) had heterozygous genotype. Patients with PiZZ genotype had lower alpha-1 antitrypsin levels than patients with PiMZ genotype (37.6±7.7 mg/dL vs. 66.5±22.7 mg/dL, p=0.0001). Patients with PiZZ genotype were diagnosed earlier than patients with PiMZ genotype, but this was not significant (13±6.8 months vs. 23.7±30.1 months, p=0.192). Follow-up revealed the death of one patient (12.5%) with a homozygous mutation, and revealed that one patient had child A cirrhosis, five patients (62.5%) had chronic hepatitis, and one patient (12.5%) was asymptomatic. Nine of the 17 patients with a heterozygous mutation had chronic hepatitis (52.9%), two (11.7%) had child A cirrhosis, and six (35.2%) were asymptomatic. Overall, 18 (72%) of the 25 children had liver pathology in the long-term. CONCLUSION: Although prevalence is rare, patients with liver disorders should be checked for alpha-1 antitrypsin levels. Moreover, long-term follow-up is essential because most patients have a liver pathology.

Propiedades alimentarias y hallazgos antropométricos en los niños con estreñimiento funcional: estudio transversal / Dietary properties and anthropometric findings of children with functional constipation: a cross-sectional study

Introducción. El estreñimiento funcional (EF) es un problema frecuente en la niñez. El objetivo fue investigar los hallazgos alimentarios y antropométricos de los niños con EF. Población y métodos. Se clasificó a los pacientes con EF según Roma IV. El grupo de referencia incluyó a niños sin diagnóstico de EF ni ninguna otra enfermedad. Se incluyó a los niños de los consultorios de gastroenterología pediátrica entre septiembre de 2017 y marzo de 2018. Se registraron peso, estatura e índice de masa corporal. Se usaron los puntajes Z del índice de masa corporal para identificar sobrepeso y obesidad. La desnutrición se definió según Waterlow. Se evaluaron los diarios de alimentación de tres días de ambos grupos; el mismo nutricionista calculó el promedio diario de calorías, fibra, hidratos de carbono, proteínas y grasa. Resultados. Se incluyó a 40 pacientes con EF y 40 controles sanos. Veinticuatro pacientes con EF tenían estatura y peso normales. No hubo diferencias significativas en el promedio diario de calorías, hidratos de carbono, grasa y fibra entre los grupos de EF y de referencia. Si bien la proporción (%) de proteínas en la dieta fue significativamente más baja en los niños con EF, la cantidad de proteínas ingerida a diario estuvo dentro de los límites normales en ambos grupos. Conclusión. La mayoría de los niños con EF tenían estatura y peso normales. No hubo una relación significativa entre el EF y el contenido de hidratos de carbono, grasa y fibra; solo proporciones bajas de proteínas en el EF.

Introduction. Functional constipation (FC) is a common problem in childhood. This study intended to investigate the dietary properties and anthropometric findings of children with FC. Population and methods. Patients with FC were defined according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. The control group included children who were not diagnosed with FC or any other organic disease. The children who admitted to pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic between September 2017-March 2018 were included. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and body mass index were recorded. Body mass index z-scores were used to identify for overweight and obese children. Malnutrition was defined according to Waterlow criteria. The three-day nutritional diaries of both FC patients and control subjects were assessed and the daily average of calorie, fiber, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake were calculated by the same nutritionist. Results. Fourty patients with FC and fourty healthy control were included. Twenty-four patients with FC were in the normal height and weight ranges. There was no significant difference in the average daily calorie, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake between the FC and control groups. Although protein ratios (%) in the diet were found to be significantly lower in children with FC, the amount of protein that taken daily was found to be within normal limits in both groups. Conclusion. Most children with FC were in the normal range for height and weight. There was no significant relationship between FC and carbohydrate, fat and fiber content in the diet, only low protein ratios were found in FC.

Dietary properties and anthropometric findings of children with functional constipation: a cross-sectional study. / Propiedades alimentarias y hallazgos antropométricos en los niños con estreñimiento funcional: estudio transversal.

Introduction: Functional constipation (FC) is a common problem in childhood. This study intended to investigate the dietary properties and anthropometric findings of children with FC. Population and methods: Patients with FC were defined according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. The control group included children who were not diagnosed with FC or any other organic disease. The children who admitted to pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic between September 2017-March 2018 were included. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and body mass index were recorded. Body mass index z-scores were used to identify for overweight and obese children. Malnutrition was defined according to Waterlow criteria. The three-day nutritional diaries of both FC patients and control subjects were assessed and the daily average of calorie, fiber, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake were calculated by the same nutritionist. Results: Fourty patients with FC and fourty healthy control were included. Twenty-four patients with FC were in the normal height and weight ranges. There was no significant difference in the average daily calorie, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake between the FC and control groups. Although protein ratios (%) in the diet were found to be significantly lower in children with FC, the amount of protein that taken daily was found to be within normal limits in both groups. Conclusion: Most children with FC were in the normal range for height and weight. There was no significant relationship between FC and carbohydrate, fat and fiber content in the diet, only low protein ratios were found in FC.

Introducción. El estreñimiento funcional (EF) es un problema frecuente en la niñez. El objetivo fue investigar los hallazgos alimentarios y antropométricos de los niños con EF. Población y métodos. Se clasificó a los pacientes con EF según Roma IV. El grupo de referencia incluyó a niños sin diagnóstico de EF ni ninguna otra enfermedad. Se incluyó a los niños de los consultorios de gastroenterología pediátrica entre septiembre de 2017 y marzo de 2018. Se registraron peso, estatura e índice de masa corporal. Se usaron los puntajes Z del índice de masa corporal para identificar sobrepeso y obesidad. La desnutrición se definió según Waterlow. Se evaluaron los diarios de alimentación de tres días de ambos grupos; el mismo nutricionista calculó el promedio diario de calorías, fibra, hidratos de carbono, proteínas y grasa. Resultados. Se incluyó a 40 pacientes con EF y 40 controles sanos. Veinticuatro pacientes con EF tenían estatura y peso normales. No hubo diferencias significativas en el promedio diario de calorías, hidratos de carbono, grasa y fibra entre los grupos de EF y de referencia. Si bien la proporción (%) de proteínas en la dieta fue significativamente más baja en los niños con EF, la cantidad de proteínas ingerida a diario estuvo dentro de los límites normales en ambos grupos. Conclusión. La mayoría de los niños con EF tenían estatura y peso normales. No hubo una relación significativa entre el EF y el contenido de hidratos de carbono, grasa y fibra; solo proporciones bajas de proteínas en el EF.

The cause of abdominal mass in a child with celiac disease: Rapunzel syndrome. A case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Rapunzel syndrome is a rare form of gastric trichobezoar that develops through outstretching of the bezoar from the stomach to the intestine. CASE REPORT: A 12-year-old girl who had been diagnosed with celiac disease six years earlier was brought to the department of pediatric gastroenterology because of abdominal distension. A palpable mass was detected. A trichobezoar that stretched to the small intestine was removed surgically. The patient was diagnosed as having anxiety and depressive disorder, and treatment started. Following the treatment, her previous trichophagia completely disappeared. CONCLUSION: Presence of trichobezoar should be kept in mind, especially when young girls who have psychiatric problems suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms.

Evaluación de problemas emocionales y conductuales, y del funcionamiento familiar en adolescentes con gastritis crónica / Evaluation of emotional, behavioral problems and family functioning in adolescents with chronic gastritis

Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los síntomas psiquiátricos en adolescentes con diagnóstico de gastritis crónica y evaluar el funcionamiento familiar. Métodos. La población estuvo conformada por adolescentes con diagnóstico endoscópico e histopatológico de gastritis crónica sin otra enfermedad crónica adicional.Se midieron los niveles de ansiedad, los niveles de depresión y los síntomas emocionales y conductuales de los adolescentes mediante el cuestionario para trastornos emocionales infantiles relacionados con la ansiedad (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, SCARED), el inventario de depresión de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) y el cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). El funcionamiento familiar se evaluó con el instrumento McMaster de evaluación familiar (McMaster Family Assessment Device, FAD). Resultados. Se incluyó a 58 adolescentes en el estudio.Conforme a los resultados de las subescalas del SDQ, los adolescentes con gastritis tenían más trastornos en las dimensiones de problemas emocionales, hiperactividad y relación con los pares, aunque los resultados de problemas conductuales y conducta prosocial fueron normales. En todas las subescalas del instrumento McMaster de evaluación familiar, los puntajes fueron superiores a 2, lo que indica problemas en el funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones. según este estudio, los adolescentes con gastritis crónica tienen más dificultades en la relación con los pares y en el funcionamiento familiar, y expresan más problemas emocionales.

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychiatric symptoms in adolescents diagnosed as having chronic gastritis, and to evaluate family functioning. Methods. The population consisted of adolescents who were diagnosed endoscopically and histopathologically as having chronic gastritis without additional chronic disease. The anxiety levels, depression levels, and emotional and behavioral symptoms of the adolescents were measured using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Family functioning was evaluated using the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Results. Fifty eight adolescents were included to study. According to the SDQ subscale results, adolescents with gastritis had more problems in emotional, hyperactivity, and peer relations areas, but the results in conduct problems and prosocial behaviors were normal. Levels of all subscales of Family Assessment Device were higher than 2, showing problems in family functioning. Conclusions. This study suggests that adolescents with chronic gastritis experience more difficulties in peer relations and family functioning, and they express more emotional problems.

Evaluation of emotional, behavioral problems and family functioning in adolescents with chronic gastritis. / Evaluación de problemas emocionales y conductuales, y del funcionamiento familiar en adolescentes con gastritis crónica.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate psychiatric symptoms in adolescents diagnosed as having chronic gastritis, and to evaluate family functioning. METHODS: The population consisted of adolescents who were diagnosed endoscopically and histopathologically as having chronic gastritis without additional chronic disease. The anxiety levels, depression levels, and emotional and behavioral symptoms of the adolescents were measured using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Family functioning was evaluated using the Family Assessment Device (FAD). RESULTS: Fifty eight adolescents were included to study. According to the SDQ subscale results, adolescents with gastritis had more problems in emotional, hyperactivity, and peer relations areas, but the results in conduct problems and prosocial behaviors were normal. Levels of all subscales of Family Assessment Device were higher than 2, showing problems in family functioning. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that adolescents with chronic gastritis experience more difficulties in peer relations and family functioning, and they express more emotional problems.

Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los síntomas psiquiátricos en adolescentes con diagnóstico de gastritis crónica y evaluar el funcionamiento familiar. Métodos. La población estuvo conformada por adolescentes con diagnóstico endoscópico e histopatológico de gastritis crónica sin otra enfermedad crónica adicional.Se midieron los niveles de ansiedad, los niveles de depresión y los síntomas emocionales y conductuales de los adolescentes mediante el cuestionario para trastornos emocionales infantiles relacionados con la ansiedad (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, SCARED), el inventario de depresión de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) y el cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). El funcionamiento familiar se evaluó con el instrumento McMaster de evaluación familiar (McMaster Family Assessment Device, FAD). Resultados. Se incluyó a 58 adolescentes en el estudio.Conforme a los resultados de las subescalas del SDQ, los adolescentes con gastritis tenían más trastornos en las dimensiones de problemas emocionales, hiperactividad y relación con los pares, aunque los resultados de problemas conductuales y conducta prosocial fueron normales. En todas las subescalas del instrumento McMaster de evaluación familiar, los puntajes fueron superiores a 2, lo que indica problemas en el funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones. según este estudio, los adolescentes con gastritis crónica tienen más dificultades en la relación con los pares y en el funcionamiento familiar, y expresan más problemas emocionales.