[A model for assessing and correcting the risk of developing pressure ulcers in the system of long-term care for geriatric patients with limited mobility.]

The article is devoted to the results of the third stage of the scientific and practical project on the introduction of advanced social practices based on innovative gerontotechnologies into the system of long-term care for geriatric patients. It has been established that senile xerosis or skin «frailty¼ occurs in 75% of the population over 65 years old, when increased dryness of the skin leads to peeling, the formation of microcracks, the appearance of senile itching, sleep disturbances, the development of pressure ulcers and, as a result, a decrease in motor activity. During the project, a tactic was developed for the care of «frail¼ skin in patients with senile xerosis and the risk of pressure ulcers. The article presents information about the current problems of diagnosis, correction and prevention of pressure ulcers in patients with limited mobility of elderly and senile age. The results of a comparative analysis of the severity of pressure ulcers and their impact on the quality of life in the system of long-term care for geriatric patients with limited mobility before and after the use of Cicalfate+ Eau Thermale Avène («Pierre Fabre¼, France) emollient were presented. A model was built and practical recommendations were given on the use of the most informative and adequate scales for predicting and assessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers in patients of older age groups.

[Current problems of polypharmacy in geriatric patients when taking drugs with a risk of photosensitivity.]

The article presents an overview of the current problems of polypharmacy in geriatric patients when taking drugs with a risk of photosensitivity. The article contains information about emerging adverse drug reactions, as well as methods for diagnosing, correcting and preventing phototoxic and photoallergic reactions in patients of older age groups. The main aspects of dermatological support in the system of long-term care for geriatric patients when taking drugs with a risk of photosensitivity are outlined. Clinical signs of senile xerosis and skin manifestations of adverse drug reactions were studied when taking drugs with the risk of photosensitization before and after the use of a photoprotector in elderly patients.

[Implementation of advanced social practices based on innovative gerontotechnologies in the system of long-term care for elderly and senile patients.]

From 2017 to the present a scientific project «The use of dermatoprotectors to improve the quality of life of geriatric patients with age-associated xerosis (AAX)¼ has been realized as part of a typical model of a long-term care system in order to introduce the innovative gerontotechnologies as advanced social practices in further optimization of social and medical care for elderly and senile patients in Leningrad Region. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the dermatoprotectors application in the improvement of the quality of life, prevention and correction of AAX. The AAX clinical manifestations have been studied before and after the emollients use. The cohort under study has included geriatric patients with senile asthenia from seven institutions of social protection of the Leningrad Region. In the foreign literature, such patients are called «fragile¼. The data thus obtained indicate that AAX as a manifestation of skin «fragility¼ during aging can be considered as a component of the geriatric syndrome of senile asthenia in patients of older age groups. The development of skin «fragility¼ significantly reduces the quality of life of geriatric patients and requires timely prevention and correction with adequately selected dermatoprotectors.

[The specific and nonspecific mechanisms of the formation of adaptive-compensatory reactions during extreme exposure to heat]. / Spetsificheskie i nespetsificheskie mekhanizmy formirovaniia adaptatsionno-kompensatornykh reaktsii pri ékstremal'nom vozdeistvii tepla.

A total of 250 white male rats were subjected to 48 hours experiment in order to study specific (functional state of thermoregulation, heart muscle, brain cortex) and nonspecific (ration of free radical oxidation activity to antioxidant system activity) mechanisms of adaptational and compensatory reactions, those of alteration and restoration after single critical heating (temperature 41.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) during 1 hour. The animals appeared to develop no adaptation to the studied heating level, that was demonstrated by assessment of specific regulatory systems and by studies of free radical oxidation and antioxidant system activities.

[Changes in energy metabolism in the tissues of animals subjected to the effects of constant and intermittent low frequency vibration]. / Izmeneniia énergeticheskogo obmena v tkaniakh zhivotnykh, podvergnutykh deistviiu postoiannoi i preryvistoi nizkochastotnoi vibratsii.

The exposure of rats to 1 month continuous low-frequency vibration did not cause any changes in the brain adenylic fund and led to significant decrease in ATP content and total adenine nucleotides in the muscles of the extremities. For 3 months after the vibration there was a significant exhaustion of the brain and muscle adenylic fund. Under exposure to the interrupted vibration the state of adenine nucleotide system depended upon the duration of intervals limiting the continuous vibration effects. Under the vibration with the shortest intervals between each of the 30-minutes exposure there were no changes in the muscle and brain energy metabolism. 8- and 15-minute intervals for muscle adenine nucleotide and 8-minute interval for the brain proved to be unfavourable.

[Oxidative phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscles in dynamics of vibration-noise effect]. / Okisniuval'ne fosforiliuvannia v skeletnikh m'iazakh shchuriv u dinamitsi vibratsiino-shumovoi diï

The effect of vibration (vibration level of 130 dB at a frequency of 2 Hz; 108, 118, and 105 dB at frequencies of 32, 63 and 125 Hz, respectively) combined with the noise at mid- and low-frequencies (sound pressure level of 85 dBA) was studied as applied to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from skeletal muscles of the rats exposed to a single action of the mentioned factors, for a fortnight and for a month. A certain separation of oxidation and phosphorylation was observed after a fortnight action of the studied factors. The expressed changes in the process of oxidative phosphorylation were detected after the vibration-noise effect for a month. A considerable decrease of the P/O coefficient (almost twice as compared to the control one) occurs when oxygen uptake by mitochondria is intensified (1.9 times) and their phosphorylation activity is lower (by 61.5%). This is accompanied by a rise (by 2.65 times) of Mg2+-activated ATPase of mitochondria and by a deficit of adenylic system components (ATP, ADP, AMP) in the muscular tissue homogenate.