ABSTRACT
A patient who had been treated for bilateral breast carcinoma subsequently developed a metastatic breast lesion in a meningioma. Although it is not uncommon for more than one tumor to occur in the same patient, metastases from one tumor into another tumor are rare (''tumor to tumor'' phenomenon). Meningiomas are the most common primary, intracranial tumors to harbor metastases, the majority of which arise from breast and lung carcinomas. Patients with a history of breast cancer and a solitary, intracranial mass with radiological features consistent of meningioma should be evaluated surgically. The lesion may be a primary cerebral malignancy, a metastatic lesion, or a meningioma with or without a metastatic lesion.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal/secondary , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Langer's axillo-pectoral muscle is a musculotendinous structure, that is transversally situated in the axilla. It is an anatomic anomaly rather unknown, but important for the surgeon. The anatomic description of this structure, the clinical signs and the surgical implications are reported. Finally, the biography of Langer, who gave his name to the anomaly, is outlined.
Subject(s)
Anatomy/history , Pectoralis Muscles/abnormalities , Austria , Axilla , History, 19th Century , Pectoralis Muscles/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A high compliance is an important scientific objective for a multicenter clinical trial and also an ethical responsibility. Some of non-compliance causes can be prevented during the enrollment phase by an accurate selection of subjects (quality of recruitment), other can be controlled after the recruitment, by a good organization of follow-up tests and visits (quality of organization). METHODS: The policy adopted in the Operative Center of the Delegazione Alto Lario della Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori di Gravedona (Como) for obtaining a high compliance of women recruited in the Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study are illustrated. RESULTS: The non-compliance rate of this center is low: 5.6 vs 23.3% of the whole Italian trial. CONCLUSIONS: The low non-compliance demonstrates the efficacy of the policy adopted.
Subject(s)
Multicenter Studies as Topic/standards , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Double-Blind Method , Estrogen Receptor Modulators/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Italy , Middle Aged , Research Design , Tamoxifen/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Personal observations on the planning of a Medical Center for Breast Diseases are presented. The aim is to improve the quality of the doctor-patient relationship in order to reduce emotional and psychological distress.
