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1.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 11(1): 1-13, may. 11, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399621

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the impact of CBCT on diagnostic evaluation and treatment plan for the maxillary sinus in dental implant planning. Material and Methods: Diagnostic evaluation and treatment plan for the maxillary sinus were evaluated by eight specialists experienced in dental implant placement. Eight panoramic radiographs (PAN) and CBCT examinations were obtained from five adult patients with a specific clinical need for dental implants. Evaluation was performed first on PAN then, at least 2 weeks later, on CBCT. Residual alveolar ridge height, mucosal thickening, radiographic findings and treatment plan were recorded. The confidence level was evaluated for both diagnostic evaluation and treatment plan. The kappa statistic for intra-observer reproducibility and McNemar test were performed. Results: In the diagnostic evaluation, CBCT showed significant impact on the diagnosis of radiographic findings. Availability of CBCT significantly changed the treatment plan, for less invasive treatment, or no treatment need. Observers had significantly greater confidence when using CBCT than PAN, when indicating presence of mucosal thickening and radiographic findings in the maxillary sinus. In addition, CBCT increased confidence in the treatment plan. Conclusion: The present study suggests that CBCT has an impact on the diagnostic evaluation of radiographic findings in the maxillary sinus and on the decision to place implants, owing to misdiagnosis of pathology and planning of more invasive treatments when using PAN. Availability of CBCT also improves clinician confidence. Further studies at higher levels of diagnostic efficacy should be performed, to justify the use of CBCT, by evaluating the actual treatment performed and its outcome.


Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en la evaluación diagnóstica y el plan de tratamiento del seno maxilar en la planificación de implantes dentales. Material y Métodos: La evaluación diagnóstica y el plan de tratamiento del seno maxilar fueron evaluados por ocho especialistas con experiencia en la colocación de implantes dentales. Se obtuvieron ocho radiografías panorámicas (PAN) y exámenes CBCT de cinco pacientes adultos con una necesidad clínica específica de implantes dentales. La evaluación se realizó primero en PAN y luego, al menos dos semanas después, en CBCT. Se registraron la altura del reborde alveolar residual, el engrosamiento de la mucosa, los hallazgos radiográficos y el plan de tratamiento. Se evaluó el nivel de confianza tanto para la evaluación diagnóstica como para el plan de tratamiento. Se realizó el estadístico kappa para la reproducibilidad intraobservador y la prueba de McNemar. Resultados: En la evaluación diagnóstica, CBCT mostró un impacto significativo en el diagnóstico de los hallazgos radiográficos. La disponibilidad de CBCT cambió significativamente el plan de tratamiento, para un tratamiento menos invasivo o sin necesidad de tratamiento. Los observadores tuvieron una confianza significativamente mayor al usar CBCT que PAN, al indicar la presencia de engrosamiento de la mucosa y hallazgos radiográficos en el seno maxilar. Además, CBCT aumentó la confianza en el plan de tratamiento. Conclusión: El presente estudio sugiere que la CBCT tiene un impacto en la evaluación diagnóstica de los hallazgos radiográficos en el seno maxilar y en la decisión de colocar implantes, debido al diagnóstico erróneo de la patología y la planificación de tratamientos más invasivos al usar PAN. La disponibilidad de CBCT también mejora la confianza del clínico. Se deben realizar más estudios a niveles más altos de eficacia diagnóstica para justificar el uso de CBCT, evaluando el tratamiento real realizado y su resultado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Peru/epidemiology , Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation , Planning , Alveolar Process
2.
Preprint in Spanish | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-3195

ABSTRACT

In dentistry, the use of radiograph is frequent, which are obtained with X-rays, a type of ionizing radiation. Uncontrolled X-rays exposure can cause adverse biological effects in the human organism. It is, therefore, necessary to apply principles for radiation protection for both the patient and the operator. In the case of the operator, the radiation protection principle that applies is dose limitation. There is no recent literature that consolidates aspects on the principle of dose limitation in dentistry. The present narrative review groups the information on the principle of dose limitation, focused on occupationally exposed personnel and its appliance in dental radiology.


En odontología el uso de radiografías es frecuente, éstas se obtienen con rayos X, que son un tipo de radiación ionizante. Debido a que la exposición de estos rayos X sin control puede causar efectos biológicos adversos en el organismo del ser humano, es necesario aplicar principios de protección radiológica tanto para el paciente como para el operador. En el caso del operador el principio de protección radiológica que aplica es limitación de dosis. No existe literatura reciente que consolide los aspectos relacionados con el principio de limitación de dosis en odontología. La presente revisión narrativa agrupa la información relacionada al principio de limitación de dosis de radiación ionizante, enfocado en el personal ocupacionalmente expuesto y su aplicación en radiología dental.

3.
Odovtos (En línea) ; 22(1): 47-59, ene.-abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-1091505

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Halitosis es la presencia de un olor desagradable que emana de la cavidad oral. La etiología de este mal olor es multifactorial, existiendo causas no orales, orales y extraorales. Los compuestos volátiles sulfurados (CVS): sulfuro de hidrógeno y metilmercaptano son los elementos prominentes del mal olor. Intraoralmente, existe una correlación significativa entre las concentraciones de CVS y bacterias periodontopatogénicas. En pacientes sin enfermedad periodontal el mal olor se origina principalmente de la cobertura del dorso de la lengua por lo que la limpieza o raspado de ésta es un método efectivo para prevenir o disminuir la halitosis. Existen múltiples opciones químicas para el abordaje del mal aliento que dependerán del origen y grado de severidad. Este artículo revisa el origen y los tratamientos tanto mecánicos como químicos que se tienen disponibles.


ABSTRACT Halitosis is the presence of an unpleasant smell that emanates from the oral cavity. The etiology of halitosis is multifactorial, existing non oral, oral and extraoral causes. The volatile sulphur compounds (VSC): hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are the prominent elements of malodour. Intraorally there is a significant correlation between VSC concentrations and periodontopathogenic bacteria. In patients with no gum disease the halitosis is originated mainly in the dorsal surface of the tongue, so cleaning or brushing it is an effective method to prevent or decrease halitosis. There are multiple chemical options for the treatment of the malodour that will depend on the origin and severity of it. This article reviews the origin and mechanical and chemical treatments that are available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Devices, Home Care , Halitosis/etiology , Halitosis/drug therapy , Oral and Dental Hygiene Products
4.
Imaging Sci Dent ; 48(2): 103-109, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29963481

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) use, indications, and exposure parameters in San José, Costa Rica. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. All CBCT examinations over a period of 6 months at 2 radiological centers in San José, Costa Rica were evaluated. The examinations were performed with Veraview EPOC X550 and Veraviewepocs 3D R100 equipment. The patients' age and sex, clinical indication for CBCT, region of interest (ROI), repeat examinations, specialty of the referring dentist, field-of-view (FOV), tube voltage (kV), tube current (mA), and radiation dose (µGy) were evaluated. Patients were classified by age as children (≤12 years), adolescents (13-18 years), and adults (≥19 years). RESULTS: The mean age of the 526 patients was 49.4 years. The main indications were implant dentistry and dental trauma. The most frequent ROIs were posterior, while anterior ROIs were much less common. The highest percentage of repeat examinations was in children. Fifty-six percent of the referring dentists were specialists. The most commonly used FOV was small. The mean tube voltage and current were 79.8 kV and 7.4 mA for Veraview EPOC X550 and 89.9 kV and 6 mA for Veraviewepocs 3D R100, respectively. The mean doses for children, adolescents, and adults were 6.9 µGy, 8.4 µGy, and 7.8 µGy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although CBCT was most commonly used in adults for implant dentistry, most repeat examinations were in children, and the highest mean dose was in adolescents. Additional dose optimization efforts should be made by introducing low-dose protocols for children and adolescents.

5.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 20(4): 272-276, oct.-dic. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961581

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Los odontomas corresponden a los tumores odontogénicos más comunes (35-76%). Es un tumor benigno originado a partir de una alteración de células odontogénicas epiteliales y mesenquimatosas diferenciadas con capacidad de formar esmalte, dentina y cemento. Se clasifican en compuestos y complejos en una relación de 2:1, siendo la diferencia entre ambos la organización del tejido dentario. La etiología es desconocida pero se ha explorado la ocasión a infecciones, anomalías hereditarias, hiperactividad odontoblástica y traumatismos. El 75% de los casos se diagnostican antes de la segunda década de vida debido a un retraso en la erupción dental permanente, ya que son asintomáticos. El tratamiento es la enucleación tratando de conservar el diente permanente, siendo las recidivas poco frecuentes.


Abstract: Odontoma is the most commonly found odontogenic tumor (3576%). Odontoma is a benign tumor originating from an alteration of differentiated mesenchymal and epithelial odontogenic cells; it has the capacity of forming enamel, dentin and cement. They are classifi ed into compound and complex, in a 2:1 relationship, the difference between both being dental tissue organization. Etiology is still unknown but relation to infections, hereditary anomalies, odontoblastic hyperactivity and trauma has been explored. Since these tumors are asymptomatic, 75% of all cases are diagnosed before the second decade of life, due to a delay in eruption of permanent teeth. Treatment of choice for these tumors is enucleation, attempting to preserve the tooth; relapse is very uncommon.

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