Effects of body composition on the procoagulant imbalance in obese patients.

Obesity is associated with increased thrombotic risk and hypercoagulability whose main driver is an excess of coagulation factor VIII relative to protein C. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between factor VIII, protein C, factor VIII-to-protein C ratio and bioimpedance parameters of body composition in obese patients. We analysed blood from 69 obese patients and 23 non-obese healthy controls. Plasma levels of factor VIII, protein C, and factor VIII-to-protein C ratio were correlated with total fat, visceral fat, and muscle mass. Compared to controls, obese patients had significantly higher factor VIII (110.5% vs 78.05%, p < 0.001), protein C (120.99% versus 110.51%, p = 0.014), and factor VIII-to-protein C ratio (0.93 versus 0.73, p = 0.002). In obese patients, factor VIII correlated with body-mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage, and fat-to-muscle ratio, whereas protein C had significant relationships with body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage and fat-to-muscle ratio, but not with body-mass index. Factor VIII-to-protein C ratio > 1 was significantly associated with body-mass index (odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14) and fat-to-muscle ratio (odds ratio 2.47, 95% CI 1.10 to 5.55). Factor VIII-to-protein C ratio strongly correlated with D-dimer levels in the overall population (rho 0.44, p < 0.001) and obese patients (rho 0.41, p < 0.001). In obese patients, bioimpedance measures of body fat and muscle mass percentage were associated with factor VIII and protein C. Factor VIII-to-protein C ratio was strongly associated with fat-to-muscle ratio and only modestly related to BMI.

En el centenario del fallecimiento de Manuel Tolosa Latour, pionero de la pediatría higiénico-social y divulgativa. Contribuciones a la incorporación de la mujer en el espacio público español de principios del siglo XX / On the centenary of the passing of Manuel Tolosa Latour, pioneer of hygienic-social and divulgative paediatrics. Contributions to the incorporation of women into the Spanish public space at the beginning of the 20th century

En este trabajo se conmemora el centenario de la muerte de Manuel Tolosa Latour (1857-1919), médico madrileño, uno de los pioneros en la formación en España de la pediatría como especialidad médica. Se realiza una búsqueda en repositorios de prensa digitalizada: ABC-Blanco y Negro, La Vanguardia, Hemeroteca Digital de la Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica y otras fuentes secundarias. El Dr. Tolosa Latour destacó por sus aportaciones científicas, sus iniciativas para la protección de la infancia y sus actividades como higienista reformista, así como por sus acciones en el ámbito institucional, social y legislativo. Contribuyó decisivamente a la formulación y aprobación de la Ley de Protección a la Infancia de 1904, primera ley proteccionista en España, conocida como Ley Tolosa Latour. Creó sanatorios marítimos y de montaña. Trabajó en el Hospital del Niño Jesús en sus comienzos, en la primera Gota de Leche de Madrid. Participó y presidió sociedades científicas, entre ellas la entonces recién creada Sociedad de Pediatría de Madrid. Contribuyó a dar visibilidad internacional a la medicina española de los niños. Manuel Tolosa, junto con Elisa Mendoza, su mujer, y su entorno familiar y profesional más cercano, contribuyeron al desarrollo de redes de protección social a la infancia, y también a dar cauce para que la mujer ganara presencia en el espacio público

This article commemorates the centenary of the passing of Manuel Tolosa Latour (1857-1919), a doctor from Madrid, one of the pioneers in the creation of paediatrics as a medical speciality in Spain. A search is made in digital press repositories: ABC-Blanco y Negro, La Vanguardia, Hemeroteca Digital de la BNE, Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica and other secondary sources. Tolosa stood out for its scientific contributions, for its initiatives for the protection of children, for its activities as a reformist hygienist, as well as for its actions in the institutional, social and legislative spheres. He contributed decisively to the formulation and approval of the Child Protection Law of 1904, the first protectionist law in Spain, known as the Tolosa Latour Law. He created maritime and mountain sanatoriums. He worked in the Hospital del Niño Jesús in its beginnings, in the first Gota de Leche of Madrid. He participated and chaired scientific societies, among them the recently created Pediatrics Society of Madrid. He contributed to give international visibility to Spanish children's medicine. Manuel Tolosa, together with Elisa Mendoza, his wife, and their closest family and professional environment contributed to the development of social protection networks for children, and also, in providing a route for women to gain presence in the public space

Footprint of carbonyl compounds in hand scent by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to nano-liquid chromatography/diode array detection.

In the present work, the footprint of carbonyl compounds in hand scent was achieved by a miniaturized method consisting of sampling with cotton gauze, extraction and derivatization using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and preconcentration, separation and detection by in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled to nano-liquid chromatography/Uv-vis diode array detection. The coupling IT-SPME-nanoLC-DAD was solved by using a two-valve system: the first valve for loading the sample and the second one to perform IT-SPME. To this aim, a nanoparticle-based capillary column was employed. Firstly, the transfer time from the load loop to the NP-based capillary column in the IT-SPME system was optimized. Additionally, the conditioning and clean-up steps were also studied. For the chromatographic separation of DNPH derivatives, gradient elution mode (acetonitrile/water) and a C18 nanocolumn were employed. The detection limits achieved were between 0.5 and 1.5 µg/L and % rsd was lower than 5% for quantification limits. The proposed methodology gave rise to different chromatographic profiles of carbonyl compounds in the hand scent of several volunteers. These profiles were obtained by estimating the relative peak area of selected carbonyls in hand scent. Nonanal, decanal and dodecanal and other low polarity carbonyl compounds (unknown hydrazones) were detected in the odor profiles.

Mechanical pinprick pain in patients with unilateral spatial neglect: The influence of space representation on the perception of nociceptive stimuli.

BACKGROUND: Crossing the hands over the midline can reduce the perceived intensity of nociceptive stimuli applied onto the hands. It remains unclear to what extent intact representation of peripersonal space influences this effect. Here we used the crossed-hands paradigm in patients with unilateral spatial neglect, a neuropsychological condition characterized by the inability to detect, attend and respond to contralesional (most often left) stimuli, and spared ability to process stimuli in the non-affected space. METHODS: Sixteen post-stroke patients without unilateral neglect and 11 patients with unilateral spatial neglect received punctate mechanical pinprick stimuli onto their crossed or uncrossed hands. We tested: (i) whether deficits in space representation reduce the possibility of observing 'crossed-hands analgesia', and; (ii) whether placing the contralesional hand, normally lying in the affected space in the healthy space would increase the number of detected stimuli. RESULTS: Our results showed that neglect patients did not exhibit 'crossed-hands' analgesia, but did not provide strong evidence for an improvement in the number of detected stimuli when the contralesional hand was in the healthy space. CONCLUSION: These findings uphold the notion that the perception of nociceptive stimuli is modulated by the relative position of the hands in space, but raise questions about the conditions under which these effects may arise. SIGNIFICANCE: We show that deficits in space representation can influence the processing of mechanical pinprick stimuli. Our results raise several questions on the mechanisms underlying these effects, which are relevant for the clinical practice.

Oxidative stress drivers and modulators in obesity and cardiovascular disease: from biomarkers to therapeutic approach.

This review article is intended to describe how oxidative stress regulates cardiovascular disease development and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms related to oxidative stress, as well as more reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress, are emerging over the last years as potentially useful tools to design therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating enhanced oxidative stress "in vivo", thereby mitigating the consequent atherosclerotic burden. As a paradigm, we describe the case of obesity, in which the intertwining among oxidative stress, due to caloric overload, chronic low-grade inflammation induced by adipose tissue dysfunction, and platelet activation represents a vicious cycle favoring the progression of atherothrombosis. Oxidative stress is a major player in the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)- dependent signaling pathways prompt transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation, inducing chronic low-grade inflammation, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, several oxidative biomarkers have been proposed with the potential to improve current understanding of the mechanisms underlying CVD. These include ROS-generating and/or quenching molecules, and ROS-modified compounds, such as F2-isoprostanes. There is also increasing evidence that noncoding micro- RNA (mi-RNA) are critically involved in post- transcriptional regulation of cell functions, including ROS generation, inflammation, regulation of cell proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. These molecules have promising translational potential as both markers of disease and site of targeted interventions. Finally, oxidative stress is a critical target of several cardioprotective drugs and nutraceuticals, including antidiabetic agents, statins, renin-angiotensin system blockers, polyphenols and other antioxidants. Further understanding of ROS-generating mechanisms, their biological role as well as potential therapeutic implications would translate into consistent benefits for effective CV prevention.

Resolución de lesión ósea en paciente con histiocitosis X pulmonar / No disponible

No disponible

[Eating disorders among secondary students in a health area]. / Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en una población de estudiantes de enseñanza media.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent in a health area. Design. Cross-sectional descriptive study.Setting. The primary care centres of secondary education. PARTICIPANTS: Students with age between 13-16 years. MEASUREMENTS: The validation of the Spanish translation of the Eating Attitudes Test-40 was administered to students, previous authorization of their parents. In the positive cases, we reported with a letter to their parents. The date were incorporate to a data base and in order to their treatment tools of analytic and descriptive statistic they were used. RESULTS: There were 503 valid questionnaires (95% students of the health area). The absolute mean score was 13.42 points (CI, 12.57-14.28), in women 14.71 points and in man 11.82 points. According to age groups, the mean score for 13, 14.15 and 16 years was 14.05, 13.85, 13.08 and 12.60 points respectively. 16.97% presented >= 20 points (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 69.2%) and 16.97% of the sample >= 30 points (sensitivity, 67,9%; specificity, 85.9%). There were more positive cases in women than men (2 = 22.4; p < 0.001). The age variable did not show statistically significant differences (2 = 3.379; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of eating disorders among secondary students, being more frequently among women. We think it is necessary to make preventive services task in these problems and seek positive cases.

Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en una población de estudiantes de enseñanza media / Eating disorders among secondary students in a health area

Objetivo. Estudiar la prevalencia de trastornos alimentarios en la población adolescente en una zona básica de salud. Diseño. Observacional, transversal. Emplazamiento. Tres centros urbanos de enseñanza media de Toledo. Participantes. Estudiantes de 13-16 años. Mediciones principales. Se administró la versión validada al castellano del Eating Attitudes Test-40, previa autorización de sus padres, para detectar la presencia de trastornos alimentarios. En los casos positivos, se informó mediante carta a los progenitores. Resultados. Realizaron el cuestionario 503 estudiantes, lo cual representa más del 95 por ciento de los adolescentes de la zona. La puntuación media absoluta obtenida fue de 13,42 puntos (IC, 12,57-14,28), siendo en mujeres de 14,71 puntos y de 11,82 en varones. Según los grupos de edad, la puntuación media para 13, 14, 15 y 16 años fue de 14,05, 13,85, 13,08 y 12,60 puntos, respectivamente. Presentaron 20 puntos (sensibilidad, 91 por ciento; especificidad, 69,2 por ciento) un 16,97 por ciento y 30 puntos (sensibilidad, 67,9 por ciento; especificidad, 85,9 por ciento) el 6,79 por ciento de la muestra. Hubo un mayor porcentaje de positividad en mujeres que en varones ( 2 = 22,4; p 0,05). Conclusiones. Existe una alta prevalencia de trastornos alimentarios en este colectivo, siendo más frecuente en mujeres. Parece justificado realizar intervenciones de prevención de este tipo de problemas así como su búsqueda activa. (AU)

Olfactory classical conditioning in neonates.

One-day-old, awake infants underwent an olfactory classical conditioning procedure to assess associative learning within the olfactory system of newborns. Experimental infants received ten 30-second pairings of a novel olfactory conditioned stimulus (a citrus odor of neutral value) and tactile stimulation provided by stroking as the reinforcing unconditioned stimulus (a stimulus with positive properties). Control babies received only the odor, only the stroking, or the stroking followed by the odor presentation. The next day, all infants, in either the awake or sleep state, were given five 30-second presentations of the odor. Results were analyzed from video tapes scored by an observer unaware of the infants' training condition. The results indicate that only those infants who received the forward pairings of the odor and stroking exhibited conditioned responding (head turning toward the odor) to the citrus odor. The performance of the conditioned response was not affected by the state of the baby during testing, because both awake and sleeping infants exhibited conditioned responses. Furthermore, the expression of the conditioned response was odor specific; a novel floral odor presented during testing did not elicit conditioned responses in the experimental babies. These results suggest that complex associative olfactory learning is seen in newborns within the first 48 hours of life. These baseline findings may serve as normative data against which observation from neonates at risk for neurological sequelae may be compared.