Relationships of Psychosocial Factors to Diabetes Self-efficacy: A Cross-sectional, Correlational Study.

BACKGROUND: Self-care in people with diabetes is poor, which could be influenced by positive and negative psychosocial factors. Self-efficacy is an important factor affecting self-care, and depressive symptoms and diabetes distress may directly and indirectly affect self-efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, age, sex, self-compassion, resilience, self-esteem, and social support to diabetes self-efficacy and the mediating roles of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in the relationships among people with diabetes. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, correlational study, data on all the psychosocial and demographic factors were collected (N = 148; 57.6 years old) through Research Electronic Data Capture in 2023. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to address the purpose. RESULTS: The mean score of diabetes self-efficacy was 28.6 (range, 8-40). In 1 model, depressive symptoms were directly and indirectly associated with diabetes self-efficacy through diabetes distress (direct effect, -3.524; t = -3.020, P = .003; indirect effect, -2.089; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, -3.494 to -0.911). In another model, diabetes distress was directly and indirectly associated with diabetes self-efficacy through depressive symptoms (direct effect, -3.778; t = -3.638, P < .001; indirect effect, -0.785; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, -1.868 to -0.089). In addition, self-esteem was associated with both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress. Resilience was associated with diabetes self-efficacy in 1 model. CONCLUSIONS: Negative psychological factors were directly and indirectly associated with diabetes self-efficacy. Depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, self-esteem, and resilience can be important targets of interventions to improve diabetes self-efficacy.

Relationships of multidimensional factors to self-management in patients with diabetes: A Cross-sectional, correlational study.

Poor self-management in patients with diabetes is a consistent issue, leading to diabetes complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of demographic, cognitive, psychological, social, and physiological factors to self-management in patients with diabetes. In this cross-sectional, correlational study, data were collected from 98 patients through REDCap in 2023. Multiple regression analysis was used to address the study purpose. In the sample, adherence to adequate self-management was poor. Knowledge, self-efficacy, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with overall diabetes self-management. Self-efficacy and BMI were associated with diet and exercise. Knowledge and self-efficacy were associated with blood glucose testing. No factors were associated with smoking and foot care. In conclusion, different factors were associated with different types of self-management, but BMI and self-efficacy were associated with most types of self-management. Clinicians and researchers can target BMI, self-efficacy, and knowledge to improve self-management in patients with diabetes.

Effects of Meditation Intervention on Self-management in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes complications are prevalent and cause adverse effects on the physical, psychological, and economic status of adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Meditation may positively affect self-management and, in turn, reduce diabetes complications. However, the systematic examination of the effects of meditation without additional components on self-management in this population have been rarely examined. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of meditation interventions on self-management (ie, control of glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and obesity and self-management) among adult patients with type 2 diabetes in randomized controlled trials. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 6 electronic databases were searched using major keywords of meditation , diabetes , and self-management during March 2022. RESULTS: Eight studies (9 articles) using mindfulness-based meditation were included. The meta-analysis showed that meditation improved hemoglobin A 1c (effect size = -0.75; 95% confidence interval, -1.30 to -0.21; P = .007) but not fasting blood glucose. Only a few studies examined meditation effects on other types of self-management (eg, blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, diet, exercise, foot care, and monitoring of blood glucose), and the effects were inconsistent. In 1 study, meditation improved diabetes self-management. CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness-based meditation reduced hemoglobin A 1c levels in adult patients with type 2 diabetes but did not consistently improve other types of self-management in a few studies examined. This may imply the need for additional intervention components to improve different types of self-management. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of different types of meditations with additional components on different types of self-management.

Demographic Differences in Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance of Prelicensure Nursing Faculty.

BACKGROUND: A need exists to recruit and retain nursing faculty of differing generations, races/ethnicities, and genders. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether generational cohort, race/ethnicity, and gender predicted job satisfaction, life satisfaction, or work-life balance for full-time faculty teaching in prelicensure, baccalaureate nursing programs. METHODS: Faculty (N = 363) from multiple schools of nursing in the United States completed a survey that included demographics, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Work-Life Balance Self-Assessment. RESULTS: Significant relationships and differences were noted for nursing faculty. Faculty of color reported lower job and life satisfaction than their White counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: As calls to increase diversity among nursing faculty increase, continued research should focus on differences in the experience of faculty of color.

A National Qualitative Study of Work-Life Balance in Prelicensure Nursing Faculty.

AIM: This study explored how full-time, prelicensure baccalaureate nursing faculty members described their experiences with work-life balance. BACKGROUND: With increasing shortages of nursing faculty and practicing nurses, schools of nursing are developing faculty recruitment and retention efforts. It is imperative to understand the experiences of nursing faculty with regard to balancing their work and personal lives. METHOD: A web-based survey including two open-ended questions related to work-life balance was disseminated to deans of nursing programs, who disseminated the survey to nursing faculty. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The sample (n = 320) was representative of current nursing faculty demographics. Three themes emerged: Relationship With Administration, Nursing Faculty Workload, and Boundary Setting. Opposing subthemes were noted in each theme. CONCLUSION: Administrators may use the findings from this study to create administrator and faculty development opportunities and mentorship programs that promote work-life balance of nursing faculty.

Application of the cognitive load theory in prelicensure nursing education: a quantitative measurement focusing on instructional design.

The objective of this study was to examine differences in principles from the cognitive load theory (CLT) combined with active learning strategies. To examine these differences, simple to complex activities were imbedded into two active learning instructional strategies: cooperative learning (CPL) and problem-based learning (PBL) and evaluated for its impact on mental effort for learning and intrinsic cognitive load. A two-within repeated-measures design was used in a nursing fundamentals classroom. The simple and complex activities were grounded in recommendations from the CLT and validated by nurse experts. The instructional strategies of CPL and PBL were chosen based on recommendations from the literature. Results revealed no statistically significant differences. A small interaction showed a decrease in mental effort and intrinsic load when problem-based learning was used. Progressing learning activities from simple to complex, informed by the CLT, offers an approach to designing instruction in nursing classrooms when using active learning strategies.

Experiences of and factors associated with dietary sodium adherence in heart failure from patients' and their caregivers' perspectives: A qualitative study.

This study explored experiences of dietary sodium adherence among patients with heart failure and their caregivers. Qualitative data were collected from 22 patients and 18 caregivers using an interview guide and were analyzed using content analysis. Four themes were (1) lack of adherence to low-sodium diet, (2) several barriers to dietary sodium adherence, (3) a few facilitators of dietary sodium adherence, and (4) distorted perceptions of dietary education from healthcare providers. The majority of patients had poor dietary sodium adherence. Distorted perceptions, insufficient knowledge, disadvantages of dietary sodium adherence, and lack of family support were barriers to dietary sodium adherence, and family support was a facilitator. The majority of patients received dietary education from their healthcare providers but had little knowledge about the detailed content and the connection to heart failure management. More effective interventions reflecting patients' and caregivers' dietary experiences need to be developed and delivered.

Predicting student attrition using social determinants: Implications for a diverse nursing workforce.

BACKGROUND: Attrition of academically qualified nursing students affects the size of the nursing workforce. A better understanding of the multifaceted predictive factors of attrition is needed to inform targeted interventions to promote program progression and maintain an adequate nursing workforce. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, academic, and social determinant factors associated with attrition at the end of the first semester in an upper-division baccalaureate nursing program. METHOD: Students' demographic and academic data from an administrative database were combined with social determinants data collected via a web-based survey. RESULTS: Among this cohort (n=164), social determinants were significantly associated with attrition. A significantly greater percentage of students who failed were born outside the United States (U.S.), had one or both parents born outside the U.S., reported English was not the primary language spoken in the home, and were racially/ethnically diverse. CONCLUSIONS: Attrition was primarily among students with diverse racial, ethnic, and/or cultural backgrounds, which has implications for achieving a diverse nursing workforce. Proactive strategies to support success should be especially targeted on diverse students.

A Factor Analysis of the Perceived Value of Certification Tool for Nurse Educators: Evidence for Construct Validity.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine construct validity of the Perceived Value of Certification Tool for Nurse Educators (PVCT-NE). BACKGROUND: Preliminary testing of the PVCT-NE demonstrated content validity and strong evidence of internal consistency reliability. Construct validity evidence for the tool is lacking. METHOD: Using data from a descriptive study about nurses' perceived value of nurse educator certification, exploratory factor analysis was used to examine whether the factor structure of the PVCT-NE was consistent with the two-factor structure reported for the original PVCT. RESULTS: Data (n = 221) were analyzed using principal components analysis to identify factors. The observed two-factor solution and individual item loadings in this sample were consistent with the original PVCT's intrinsic and extrinsic value subscales and accounted for 64 percent of the total instrument variance. CONCLUSION: Overall, the PVCT-NE is a valid tool to measure perceived value of certification in nurse educators.

What Is the Value of Nurse Educator Certification? A Comparison Study of Certified and Noncertified Nurse Educators.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in how certified nurse educators and noncertified nurse educators valued nurse educator certification. BACKGROUND: No studies have investigated the differences in perceptions of certified and noncertified nurse educators. Understanding these differences may influence how the nursing profession recognizes and promotes excellence within the academic nursing specialty. METHOD: Perceived Value of Certification Tool-Nurse Educator and demographic survey were administered via a web-based survey to a national sample of nursing faculty. RESULTS: Certified nurse educators valued certification with greater agreement than noncertified nurse educators. Personal accomplishment, personal satisfaction, and validation of knowledge were identified as the greatest rewards to certification. CONCLUSION: Nurse educators identified with intrinsic rewards of certification. Despite overall positive perceptions of nurse educator certification, strategies focused on extrinsic rewards may be necessary to increase certification rates. Such strategies may help overcome factors preventing educators from attaining certification.

Subjective cognitive complaints, psychosocial factors and nursing work function in nurses providing direct patient care.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine relationships among subjective cognitive complaints, psychosocial factors and nursing work function in nurses providing direct patient care. BACKGROUND: Cognitive functioning is a critical component for nurses in the assurance of error prevention, identification and correction when caring for patients. Negative changes in nurses' cognitive and psychosocial functioning can adversely affect nursing care and patient outcomes. DESIGN: A descriptive correlational design with stratified random sampling. METHOD: The sample included 96 nurses from the major geographic regions of the United States. Over 9 months in 2016-2017, data were collected using a web-based survey. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine relationships among subjective cognitive complaints, psychosocial factors and nursing work function. RESULTS: Overall, participants reported minimal work function impairment and low levels of subjective cognitive complaints, depression and stress. In multivariate analyses, depression was not associated with nurses' work function. However, perceived stress and subjective concerns about cognitive function were associated with greater impairment of work function. CONCLUSION: Nurses experiencing subjective cognitive complaints should be encouraged to address personal and environmental factors that are associated with their cognitive status. Additionally, stress reduction in nurses should be a high priority as a potential intervention to promote optimal functioning of nurses providing direct patient care. Healthcare institutions should integrate individual and institutional strategies to reduce factors contributing to workplace stress.

Preliminary Psychometric Analysis of the Modified Perceived Value of Certification Tool for the Nurse Educator.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the Perceived Value of Certification Tool© with a focus on nurse educator certification (PVCT-NE) in a sample of nurse educators. BACKGROUND: Greater understanding of faculty perceptions of certification is necessary to facilitate a strong cadre of nursing faculty; however, research around nurse educator certification is limited by a lack of reliable and valid instruments to measure such perceptions. METHOD: Twenty-four nursing faculty from one university participated in the psychometric study, which involved completion of the PVCT-NE in a web-based survey format. RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability was excellent. Cronbach's alpha for the total PVCT-NE was .94 (.93 for the intrinsic subscale and .86 for the extrinsic subscale). A content validity index of .95 was obtained. CONCLUSION: There is preliminary evidence that the PVCT-NE is a reliable and valid instrument to measure perceived value of certification in nurse educators.