ABSTRACT
Objectives: The present study investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness mobile phone app on women's depression, anxiety, stress and mindful attention/awareness in the postnatal period. Methods: The study enrolled 99 mothers of a child under 1 year old, and randomly assigned them to intervention (n = 49, mean age = 31.11, SD = 4.30, years) and control (n = 50, mean age = 31.35, SD = 5.29, years) groups. Multiple regression examined intervention effects on depression, anxiety, stress and mindful attention/awareness measured post-intervention and at 4-week follow-up, controlling for the baseline and post-intervention measurement of the specific outcome, respectively. Results: The intervention group showed significant decreases in depression, anxiety and stress levels and an increase of mindful attention/awareness post-intervention compared to the control group, with medium to large effect sizes after controlling for effects of corresponding variables at baseline. The intervention group showed further decrease in depression and stress levels and an increase in mindful attention/awareness at 4 weeks post-intervention compared to the control group, with small to medium effect sizes, after controlling for effects of corresponding variables at post-intervention. Conclusions: The outcomes of the study suggest that delivery of mindfulness via smartphones could be a viable and affordable resource for reducing postnatal depression, anxiety and stress.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Hypomimia, or facial masking, is a decrease in voluntary control and spontaneous movement of the muscles of the face, which may occur in Parkinson's disease. Little is known about the psychosocial consequences or management of this symptom. The aim of this study was to provide an initial overview of patient & spousal experiences of living with an acquired nonverbal expressive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Method: This qualitative study involved a community sample of individuals with Parkinson's who experienced facial masking, and their close romantic partners. Nine people who had Parkinson's and nine of their spouses or partners participated in separate (individual) semi-structured interviews. Results: A descriptive thematic approach was used to analyze the interview data. Key themes relevant to rehabilitation included the misidentification of masking as negative affect, poor symptom recognition, and unmet health resource needs. Conclusions: The results indicate masking can have an adverse impact on close relationships and psychological well-being. This study presents an initial basis for clinicians working with Parkinson's populations to recognize of the needs of people who experience masking and better support such individuals and their families to live satisfying social and emotional lives. Implications for Rehabilitation People who have Parkinson's and their families are often unaware facial masking is a symptom of Parkinson's disease. Masking may be confused with negative affect and become a barrier to satisfying close relationships. Masking related health resources and support are perceived to be of poor availability and quality. This qualitative study suggests masking be considered as an etiology of interpersonal and psychological difficulties in Parkinson's disease, and encourages better recognition of this unique population's health education needs.
