ABSTRACT
The practice of sports during the growth phase has a positive influence on bone mineral accrual. However, the effects of different sports are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone geometry in adolescent handball players. This is a cross-sectional study in which 53 female adolescents (12-17 years old) were divided into two groups: handball players (HG: n = 26), who must have had at least six months of participation in official competitions, and a control group (CG: n = 27). Bone geometry properties, such as cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus (Z), and femoral strength index (FSI) were measured using DXA. Tanner's sexual maturity, menarche, peak height velocity, sun exposure, and calcium intake were assessed. An unpaired Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate analyzes were used to compare variables differences between groups. The HG group showed a significantly higher body mass index, weight and lean mass (LST), CSA, CSMI, Z, and FSI than the CG group. When the values were adjusted for LST, the differences disappeared. The LST has been shown to be relevant to the strength and bone stiffness of the femurs of female adolescents, and the competitive practice in handball may have contributed to its increase.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology , Femur/anatomy & histology , Hip Joint/physiology , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adolescent , Body Composition/physiology , Bone Density/physiology , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Femur/diagnostic imaging , Femur Neck/anatomy & histology , Hip/anatomy & histology , Hip/physiology , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Humans , SportsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) has a great influence on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), however longitudinal studies that seek to relate bone mass to physical activity are scarce and have a small sample size. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of 7 months of military physical training (MPT), impact sports (IS), and swimming in the bone mass of young military adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 213 military school students (male and aged 19.2 ± 1.2 years) divided into three groups: MPT (n = 144), IS (n = 56), and Swimming (n = 13). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition (percentage of fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass) and bone mass (BMD, BMD Z-Score, total BMC, arm BMC, leg BMC, and trunk BMC), at the beginning of the military service and after 7 months of training. RESULTS: It was observed a significant increase in BMD, BMD Z-Score, total BMC and BMC of all segments analyzed for all groups (p < 0.01). There was a significantly greater variation in BMD of the IS group in relation to the MPT group (p < 0.01), and in the arm BMC of the MPT group in relation to the IS group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: After 7 months of training, there were significant increases in BMC and BMD of all the groups evaluated. The bone response was associated with the muscular group used in the physical exercise and the IS group showed greater gain in BMD.
Subject(s)
Bone Density/physiology , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Physical Conditioning, Human/physiology , Absorptiometry, Photon/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Male , Physical Conditioning, Human/statistics & numerical data , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a massa óssea pela ultrassonografia quantitativa de falanges em jovens praticantes de karatê em relação a um grupo controle. Métodos: Amostra constituída por 162 praticantes de karatê (52 meninas) e 326 controles escolares (110 meninas) saudáveis, de 6 a 16 anos de idade, do oeste do Paraná. Foram avaliados peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) e Bone Time Transmission (BTT), e os valores de IMC, AD-SoS e BTT transformados em escore Z. Aplicaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e regressão linear múltipla, sendo significante p≤0,05. Resultados: Para ambos os sexos, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram valores superiores do escore Z do BTT comparados aos controles. Quanto à AD-SoS, as meninas do grupo de controle apresentaram valor absoluto e de escore Z superiores aos apresentados pelas praticantes de karatê do mesmo sexo. Ao avaliar a frequência relativa e absoluta de acordo com o escore Z do BTT em ambos os grupos, os meninos praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior frequência de massa óssea adequada. Nas meninas praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 42% na variação da AD-SoS e o peso de 45% na variação do BTT. Nos meninos praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 26% na variação da AD-SoS e a estatura 36% na variação do BTT. Conclusões: Nesse grupo de crianças e adolescentes, independentemente do sexo, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior massa óssea em relação ao grupo controle, sendo o BTT mais sensível para essa avaliação.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate bone mass by quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges in young karate practitioners compared to a control group. Methods: Sample composed of 162 karate practitioners (52 females) and 326 healthy controls (110 females) aged 6 to 16 years old, in Western Paraná (Southern Brazil). Weight, height, BMI, amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) and bone transmission time (BTT) were evaluated. BMI, AD-SoS and BTT values were converted to Z scores. Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher Exact tests and multiple linear regression were applied, with significance level set at p≤0.05. Results: Both genders showed higher values of BTT as Z scores when compared to control group. Females from the control group had higher AD-SoS values (m/s and Z score) compared to female karate practitioners. When relative and absolute frequencies were assessed according to BTT Z score in both groups, male karate practitioners' bone mass was shown to be adequate more frequently. In female practitioners, age and weight were independent predictors of AD-SoS (R2=0.42) and BTT (R2=0.45), respectively. Among male karate practitioners, age was related to 26% of AD-SoS variances and height was responsible for 36% of BTT variances. Conclusions: Children and adolescents who practice karate were shown to have more bone mass in comparison to the control group, regardless of gender. BTT was more sensitive for this evaluation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Bone Density , Martial Arts , Ultrasonography , Finger Phalanges/diagnostic imaging , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone mass by quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges in young karate practitioners compared to a control group. METHODS: Sample composed of 162 karate practitioners (52 females) and 326 healthy controls (110 females) aged 6 to 16 years old, in Western Paraná (Southern Brazil). Weight, height, BMI, amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) and bone transmission time (BTT) were evaluated. BMI, AD-SoS and BTT values were converted to Z scores. Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher Exact tests and multiple linear regression were applied, with significance level set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: Both genders showed higher values of BTT as Z scores when compared to control group. Females from the control group had higher AD-SoS values (m/s and Z score) compared to female karate practitioners. When relative and absolute frequencies were assessed according to BTT Z score in both groups, male karate practitioners' bone mass was shown to be adequate more frequently. In female practitioners, age and weight were independent predictors of AD-SoS (R2=0.42) and BTT (R2=0.45), respectively. Among male karate practitioners, age was related to 26% of AD-SoS variances and height was responsible for 36% of BTT variances. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents who practice karate were shown to have more bone mass in comparison to the control group, regardless of gender. BTT was more sensitive for this evaluation.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a massa óssea pela ultrassonografia quantitativa de falanges em jovens praticantes de karatê em relação a um grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Amostra constituída por 162 praticantes de karatê (52 meninas) e 326 controles escolares (110 meninas) saudáveis, de 6 a 16 anos de idade, do oeste do Paraná. Foram avaliados peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) e Bone Time Transmission (BTT), e os valores de IMC, AD-SoS e BTT transformados em escore Z. Aplicaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e regressão linear múltipla, sendo significante p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Para ambos os sexos, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram valores superiores do escore Z do BTT comparados aos controles. Quanto à AD-SoS, as meninas do grupo de controle apresentaram valor absoluto e de escore Z superiores aos apresentados pelas praticantes de karatê do mesmo sexo. Ao avaliar a frequência relativa e absoluta de acordo com o escore Z do BTT em ambos os grupos, os meninos praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior frequência de massa óssea adequada. Nas meninas praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 42% na variação da AD-SoS e o peso de 45% na variação do BTT. Nos meninos praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 26% na variação da AD-SoS e a estatura 36% na variação do BTT. CONCLUSÕES: Nesse grupo de crianças e adolescentes, independentemente do sexo, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior massa óssea em relação ao grupo controle, sendo o BTT mais sensível para essa avaliação.
Subject(s)
Bone Density , Finger Phalanges/diagnostic imaging , Martial Arts , Ultrasonography , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to review the growth curves for Turner syndrome, evaluate the methodological and statistical quality, and suggest potential growth curves for clinical practice guidelines. The search was carried out in the databases Medline and Embase. Of 1006 references identified, 15 were included. Studies constructed curves for weight, height, weight/height, body mass index, head circumference, height velocity, leg length, and sitting height. The sample ranged between 47 and 1,565 (total = 6,273) girls aged 0 to 24 y, born between 1950 and 2006. The number of measures ranged from 580 to 9,011 (total = 28,915). Most studies showed strengths such as sample size, exclusion of the use of growth hormone and androgen, and analysis of confounding variables. However, the growth curves were restricted to height, lack of information about selection bias, limited distributional properties, and smoothing aspects. In conclusion, we observe the need to construct an international growth reference for girls with Turner syndrome, in order to provide support for clinical practice guidelines.
