Pesticides in vegetables and fruits from Brazil and risk assessment.

Levels of 237 pesticides were assessed in 1063 fruit and vegetable samples from 12 São Paulo markets spanning the period May 2015 to December 2022. The QuEChERS method was employed for extraction, followed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis. Findings indicated that 30% of the samples contained residues below the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), while 6% exceeded these. Additionally, 23% exhibited excessive residues for their respective crops and 40% had no detectable residues. Health risk evaluation focused on tomatoes, cabbage and oranges, revealing exposure within 0.002-0.9% of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), indicating no chronic risks. However, pyraclostrobin in orange presented a potential acute risk for adults (112%). These results underscore the necessity for continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables to safeguard consumer health, especially considering the significant levels of consumption.

Three-Dimensional Printed Teeth in Endodontics: A New Protocol for Microcomputed Tomography Studies.

This study aimed to describe a support material removal protocol (SMRP) from inside the root canals of three-dimensional printed teeth (3DPT) obtained by the microcomputed tomography (microCT) of a natural tooth (NT), evaluate its effectiveness by comparing the 3DPT to NT in terms of internal anatomy and behaviour toward endodontic preparation, and evaluate if 3DPT are adequate to assess the differences between two preparation systems. After the SMRP, twenty 3DPT printed by PolyJet™ were microCT scanned before preparation and thereafter randomly assigned into two groups (n = 10). One group and NT were prepared using ProTaper Gold® (PTG), and the other group with Endogal® (ENDG). MicroCT scans were carried out after preparation, and the volume increase, volume of dentin removed, centroids, transportation, and unprepared areas were compared. For the parameters evaluated, no significant differences were found between the 3DPT and NT before and after preparation (p > 0.05), and no significant differences were found between the 3DPT PTG group and the 3DPT ENDG group (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the SMRP described is effective in removing the support material SUP706B™. PolyJet™ is adequate for printing 3DPT. Furthermore, 3DPT printed with high-temperature RGD525™ have similar behaviour during endodontic preparation with PTG as the NT, and 3DPT can be used to compare two preparation systems.

3D Resin-coated pressure sensor response for bite force assessment: A pilot study.

Background: Occlusal splints with sensors help in the bruxism diagnosis and monitoring, by recording the patient's bite force. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a pressure sensor when it is covered with different thicknesses of a 3D printing resin (Anycubic 405nm Translucent Green UV Resin, Anycubic, UK). Methods: In this preliminary study, the evaluated sensor (FlexiForce A201 Sensor, Tekscan) was firstly calibrated without any type of cover material, and later tested with 3D printing resin with different thicknesses (1 mm, 1.15 mm, 1.4 mm and 1.6 mm). The load tests were performed by a force tester (MultiTest 2.5 dV, Mecmesin). Results: When the pressure sensor was covered with resin of 1mm and 1.6 mm thick specimens, a higher difference was found between the applied load and the corresponding sensor reading. Conclusion: It was concluded that it is possible to use this type of pressure sensor and that it showed better accuracy with the 1.15 mm and 1.4 mm 3D printing resin covering.

Risco de quedas e a síndrome da fragilidade no idoso / Fall risk and the frailty syndrome in older adults / Fall risk and the frailty syndrome in older adults / Riesgo de caídas y el síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o risco de quedas e sua relação com a síndrome da fragilidade e variáveis sociodemográficas em idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal, analítico e multicêntrico, desenvolvido em dois hospitais universitários, no período de agosto de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, com 323 idosos, utilizando o Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS) para caracterização sociodemográfica, a Morse Fall Scale (MFS) para definição do risco de quedas e a Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) para identificação da síndrome da fragilidade. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Houve associação entre o risco de quedas e idosos com idade acima de 70 anos, com mais de quatro doenças preexistentes, sem atividade laboral, com déficit cognitivo, estado geral de saúde ruim, com dependência funcional em cinco a oito atividades, fazendo uso de cinco ou mais medicamentos, com perda de peso, baixo desempenho funcional, humor triste ou deprimido e com a síndrome da fragilidade instalada. Idosos que moram sozinhos, com idade acima de 70 anos, que têm quatro ou mais doenças prévias, com dependência funcional, humor deprimido, que realizam o teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) em um tempo maior que 20 segundos, que utilizam cinco ou mais medicamentos por dia e que esquecem de utilizar esses fármacos têm mais chances para o risco de quedas. Conclusão Fatores relacionados ao declínio de funções físicas, psicológicas e mentais nos idosos, e que se encontram exacerbados na síndrome da fragilidade, aumentam o risco para a ocorrência de quedas nessa população.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el riesgo de caídas y su relación con el síndrome de fragilidad y variables sociodemográficas en adultos mayores. Métodos Estudio transversal, analítico y multicéntrico, llevado a cabo en dos hospitales universitarios, durante el período de agosto de 2019 a enero de 2020, con 323 adultos mayores, utilizando el Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS) para la caracterización sociodemográfica, la Morse Fall Scale (MFS) para la definición del riesgo de caídas y la Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) para la identificación del síndrome de fragilidad. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados Hubo una relación entre el riesgo de caídas y adultos mayores con edad superior a los 70 años, con más de cuatro enfermedades preexistentes, sin actividad laboral, con déficit cognitivo, estado general de salud malo, con dependencia funcional de cinco a ocho actividades, tomando cinco o más medicamentos, con pérdida de peso, bajo desempeño funcional, humor triste o deprimido y con síndrome de fragilidad instalado. Adultos mayores que viven solos, con edad superior a los 70 años, con cuatro o más enfermedades previas, con dependencia funcional, humor deprimido, que realizan la prueba Timed Up and Go (TUG) en un tiempo superior a 20 segundos, que utilizan cinco o más medicamentos al día y que se olvidan de utilizar esos fármacos tienen más posibilidades de riesgo de caídas. Conclusión Factores relacionados con el deterioro de funciones físicas, psicológicas y mentales en adultos mayores y que están exacerbados en el síndrome de fragilidad, aumentan el riesgo de episodios de caídas en esa población.

Abstract Objective To analyze fall risk and its relationship with the frailty syndrome and sociodemographic variables in older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical and multicenter study, carried out in two university hospitals, from August 2019 to January 2020, with 323 older adults, using the Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS), for sociodemographic characterization, the Morse Fall Scale (MFS), to define fall risk, and the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), to identify the frailty syndrome. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results There was an association between fall risk and older adults aged over 70 years, with more than four preexisting diseases, without work activity, with cognitive impairment, poor general health status, with functional dependence in five to eight activities, using five or more medications, with weight loss, low functional performance, sad or depressed mood and with the installed frailty syndrome. Older adults who live alone, aged over 70 years, who have four or more previous illnesses, with functional dependence, depressed mood, who perform the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in a time longer than 20 seconds, who use five or more medications per day and who forget to use these medications are more likely to fall at risk. Conclusion Factors related to the decline of physical, psychological and mental functions in older adults, which are exacerbated in the frailty syndrome, increase fall risk in this population.

Best Fit Sphere Back and Adjusted Maximum Elevation of Corneal Back Surface as Novel Predictors of Keratoconus Progression.

Purpose: We evaluated the Maximum Elevation of Corneal Back Surface adjusted to the same Best Fit Sphere Back (BFSB) between timeline measurements (AdjEleBmax) and the BFSB radius (BFSBR) itself as new tomographic parameters for documentation of ectasia progression and compare them with the most recent and reliable parameters used on keratoconus (KC) progression. Results: We evaluated the performance and the ideal cutoff point of Kmax, D-index, posterior radius of curvature from the 3.0 mm centered on the thinnest point (PRC), EleBmax, BFSBR, and AdjEleBmax as isolated parameters to document KC progression (defined as a significant change in two or more variables), we found a sensitivity of 70%, 82%, 79%, 65%, 51%, and 63% and a specificity of 91%, 98%, 80%, 73%, 80%, and 84% to detect KC progression. The area under the curve (AUC) for each variable was 0.822, 0.927, 0.844, 0.690, 0.695, 0.754, respectively. Conclusion: AdjEleBmax presented a greater specificity, larger AUC, and better performance compared to EleBmax without any adjustment, with similar sensitivity. Although AdjEleBmax and BFSB demonstrated smaller AUC and specificities comparing with Kmax and D-Index, AdjEleBmax still presented a good performance with a reasonable AUC. Since the shape of the posterior surface, more aspheric and curved than the anterior, may facilitate detection of change, we suggest the inclusion of AdjEleBmax in the evaluation of KC progression in conjunction with other variables to increase the reliability of our clinical evaluation and early detection of progression.

3D-Printed Teeth in Endodontics: Why, How, Problems and Future-A Narrative Review.

Three-dimensional printing offers possibilities for the development of new models in endodontics. Numerous studies have used 3D-printed teeth; however, protocols for the standardization of studies still need to be developed. Another problem with 3D-printed teeth is the different areas of literature requested to understand the processes. This review aims to gather evidence about 3D-printed teeth on the following aspects: (1) why they are advantageous; (2) how they are manufactured; (3) problems they present; and (4) future research topics. Natural teeth are still the standard practice in ex vivo studies and pre-clinical courses, but they have several drawbacks. Printed teeth may overcome all limitations of natural teeth. Printing technology relies on 3D data and post-processing tools to form a 3D model, ultimately generating a prototype using 3D printers. The major concerns with 3D-printed teeth are the resin hardness and printing accuracy of the canal anatomy. Guidance is presented for future studies to solve the problems of 3D-printed teeth and develop well-established protocols, for the standardization of methods to be achieved. In the future, 3D-printed teeth have the possibility to become the gold standard in ex vivo studies and endodontic training.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tertiary care cancer center: Analyzing administrative data.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with cancer need to receive their proper treatment and often cannot wait for their treatment, despite delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many cancer centers have had challenges maintaining their oncological activities. OBJECTIVES: To compare the average hospital management data and indicators in two different periods, with and without the peak of COVID-19 cases, from an important tertiary cancer center in the northeast region of Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective and observational study was performed comparing average hospital administrative data and indicators, between January to March v April to June, 2020 exclusively at the Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Brazil. RESULTS: There were on average a 13% reduction in the chemotherapy administered (P = .131), 17% fewer radiotherapy treatments carried out (P = .043) and 41% as many oncologic surgeries undertaken (P = .002). There was a reduction in the number of sessions of out-patient chemotherapy of 8•6% (P = .271) and chemotherapy inpatients of 33% (P = .038). Admission of new cases of patients with cancer was reduced by 44% (P = .007) during the period analyzed. Ambulatory appointments also decreased by 55% (P = .004) and emergency room appointments fell by 7•9% (P = .495). The number of hospitalizations was reduced by 36% (P = .005) and the occupancy rate decreased by 23•6% (P = .003), while the length of individual hospital stays (in days) increased 10•5% (P = .116). CONCLUSION: We report a reduction in the number of radiotherapy treatments and surgeries performed cancer carried out, ambulatory and emergency appointments, hospitalization and admission of new cases of cancer during peak of COVID-19 in an important public tertiary cancer center in the northeast region of Brazil.

Scape Room Como Estratégia de Sensibilização e Educação Sobre Prevenção de Lesão Por Pressão / Scape Room as a Sensitization and Education Strategy About Pressure Injury Prevention / La Sala de Escape Como Estrategia de Sensibilización y Educación Sobre la Prevención de Lesiones Por Presión

Objetivo:Relatar a experiência da utilização de sala de escape como estratégia educacional e de sensibilização para prevenção de lesão por pressão no contexto hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência decorrente de atividade desenvolvida em novembro de 2021, com profissionais da equipe multiprofissional de um hospital filantrópico de grande porte localizado na região metropolitana de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. Resultados: Realizou-se o jogo como estratégia educacional associado a outras iniciativas sobre a temática, durante a campanha anual de prevenção de lesão por pressão. Participaram da atividade 82 profissionais, entre eles, enfermeiros, técnicos em enfermagem, nutricionistas e fisioterapeutas. O total de 57 participantes (69,5%) conseguiram desvendar os enigmas propostos e sair da sala de escape no tempo determinado. A avaliação de reação demonstrou alto nível de satisfação com a atividade, além de inúmeros elogios sobre a metodologia escolhida, bem como a criatividade com que o tema foi abordado e desenvolvido. Conclusão: A utilização de uma metodologia baseada na interação dos participantes, como as salas de escape, associada a outras atividades educativas parece ser interessante para promover a aprendizagem e a sensibilização na temática prevenção de lesão por pressão.

Objective:To report the experience of using the escape room as an educational and awareness strategy for the prevention of pressure injuries in the hospital context. Methods: This is an experience report about an activity developed in November 2021, with professionals from the multidisciplinary team of a large philanthropic hospital located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Results: The game was played as an educational strategy associated with other initiatives on the issue, during the annual pressure injury prevention campaign. Eighty-two professionals participated in the activity, including nurses, nursing technicians, nutritionists, and physiotherapists. A total of 57 participants (69.5%) managed to unravel the proposed puzzles and leave the escape room in the proposed time. The reaction evaluation showed a high level of satisfaction with the activity, in addition to numerous compliments on the chosen methodology, as well as the creativity in which the topic was approached and developed. Conclusion: The use of a methodology based on the interaction of the participants, such as escape rooms, associated with other educational activities seems to be interesting to promote learning and awareness about pressure injury prevention.

Objetivo:Reportar la experiencia del uso del escape room como estrategia educativa y de concientización para la prevención de lesiones por presión en el contexto hospitalario. Métodos: Este es un relato de experiencia, resultado de una actividad desarrollada en noviembre de 2021, con profesionales del equipo multidisciplinario de un gran hospital filantrópico, ubicado en la región metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: El juego se realizó como una estrategia educativa asociada a otras iniciativas en el tema, durante la campaña anual de prevención de lesiones por presión. Participaron de la actividad 82 profesionales, entre enfermeros, técnicos de enfermería, nutricionistas y fisioterapeutas. Un total de 57 participantes (69,5%) consiguieron desentrañar los puzzles propuestos y salir del escape room en el tiempo propuesto. La evaluación de la reacción mostró un alto nivel de satisfacción con la actividad, además de numerosos elogios sobre la metodología elegida, así como la creatividad con la que se abordó y desarrolló el tema. Conclusión: El uso de una metodología basada en la interacción de los participantes, como las salas de escape, asociada a otras actividades educativas, parece interesante para promover el aprendizaje y la sensibilización en el tema de prevención de lesiones por presión.

A relação complexa entre efetividade do sistema de justiça e a subjetividade pós-moderna / The complex relation between the effectiveness of the justice system and the post-modern subjectiveness

Atualmente parece existir um paradoxo envolvendo o sistema de justiça: de um lado amplia-se a percepção que em geral não é efetivo, e de outro, expande-se a demanda por sua intervenção para solução de problemas de complexidades variáveis. Entre diversos fatores que poderiam explicar tal paradoxo, esse estudo teórico tem como objetivo analisar a influência da subjetividade pós-moderna na efetividade do sistema de justiça. Por ser a temática desse artigo transdisciplinar – Direito, Psicologia e Sociologia -a partir do paradigma da complexidade de Edgar Morin opta-se pela abordagem sistêmica dos fenômenos, associada à perspectiva teórica sociocultural de construção da subjetividade. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa e de caráter explicativo disserta-se sobre a subjetividade pós-moderna avinda de uma configuração social especifica como limitante para a efetividade jurídica e como variável importante na judicialização. Conclui-se que a justiça que todos buscam está tecida na relação entre o campo jurídico, psicológico e social, sendo que as perspectivas individuais de justiça do sujeito pós-moderno nunca serão atendidas pelo judiciário. E estes dois elementos, sujeito e sistema de justiça, estão imersos numa específica configuração social contemporânea que os constrói e provoca demandas de acordo com ditames de uma sociedade neoliberal.(AU)

There seems to be a paradox involving the Justice System nowadays: in one hand the general notion of its inefficiency is growing, on the other hand, grows the urge for its intervention in solving problems of variable complexities. Among the several factors that could explain said paradox, this theoretical study aims to analyze the influence that post-modern subjectiveness plays in the effectiveness of the justice system. Once the theme of this article is transdisciplinary – Law, Psychology and Sociology – through the complexity paradigm of Edgar Moroni it is chosen to systemically access the phenomena with the theoretical and sociocultural construction of subjectiveness. Through bibliographical qualitative research in an explicative manner, it is written about the post-modern subjectiveness in agreement with a specific social configuration as a constraining to the juridical effectiveness and as a relevant variable in judicialization. There is the conclusion that the form of justice which people seek is woven in the relation among the juridic, psychological and social fields even though the particular expectations on justice for the post-modern individual will never be achieved by the justice system. And those elements, individual and justice system, are immersed in a specific contemporary social configuration that creates demands according to the understandings of a neoliberal society.(AU)

Are oral overuse behaviours associated with painful temporomandibular disorders? A cross-sectional study in Portuguese university students.

BACKGROUND: Many different types of oral overuse behaviours occur frequently in adult populations with painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Less is known regarding these behaviours and their associations with TMDs in university students. OBJECTIVES: Test the association between frequency of different oral overuse behaviours evaluated by the Oral Behaviour Checklist (OBC) and the severity of painful TMDs. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1381 students from 19 universities in the Oporto District, Portugal, completed the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) Personal History Questionnaire and the OBC, and they received an RDC/TMD clinical examination. The OBC sum score (ranging from 0 to 84 points) was classified as normal (0 ≤ 16 points), low overuse (17 ≤ 24) or high overuse (≥25). Painful TMD subtypes (myalgia, arthralgia or combined) were identified. Associations were tested using multivariable binary logistic regression models (α = .05), adjusted for age and sex, and referencing the normal parafunction group. RESULTS: University students with high overuse were more likely to have a painful TMD: myalgia (OR = 1.9, 95% CL: 1.3-3.0); arthralgia (OR = 2.2; 95% CL: 1.4-3.4), combined (OR = 5.0; 95% CL: 3.1-8.1). Students with low overuse were more likely to have only the combined painful TMD (OR = 2.4; 95% CL: 1.4-4.0) but not the individual painful disorders. Of the 21 different behaviours, 13 were reported at least 50% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: In this university student sample, oral overuse behaviours are widespread, and their overall extent exhibited a dose-response relationship with respect to severity of painful TMDs based on pain and chronicity. Only some behaviours were independently associated with painful TMDs, suggesting the value of further OBC instrument development.

Memória e arte na velhice: o caso das "Meninas de Sinhá" / Memory and art in aging: the case of the "Meninas de Sinhá"

Buscamos compreender a relação entre a prática artística do grupo "Meninas de Sinhá" e a memória, como processo cognitivo e cultural vivenciado na velhice. A memória das brincadeiras de roda da infância constitui-se como matéria-prima de criações artísticas coletivas do grupo. Realizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica e observação participante registrada em diário de campo. Discutimos os conceitos apropriados pela revisão bibliográfica a partir das vivências do "Meninas de Sinhá". Concluímos que, o processo de criação pode ser um recurso para que, na velhice, perdure a escrita autoral da vida. E que, nesta escrita, a memória e outros elementos da cognição sejam preservados e estimulados. O processo de criação demanda alta atividade cognitiva, e no caso da criação coletiva, amplia a participação social e cultural, a troca de sensibilidades e cuidados.

We sought to understand the relationship between the community artistic practice of the group "Meninas de Sinhá" and memory, as a cognitive and cultural process experienced in old age. The memory of children's wheel games constitutes the raw material of collective artistic creations of the group. We performed a qualitative approach, with bibliographic review and participant observation recorded in field diaries. We discuss the concepts appropriated by the bibliographical review from the experiences of the "Meninas de Sinhá". We conclude that, the process of creation can be a resource so that, in old age, the authorial writing of life lasts. And that in this writing, memory and other elements of cognition are preserved and stimulated. The process of creation demands high cognitive activity, and in the case of collective creation, it increases social and cultural participation, the exchange of sensibilities and care.

Early Clinical Infancy Outcomes for Microcephaly and/or Small for Gestational Age Zika-Exposed Infants.

BACKGROUND: Zika-exposed infants with microcephaly (proportional or disproportional) and those who are small for gestational age without microcephaly should be closely followed, particularly their growth trajectories. They are at high risk of adverse outcomes in the first year of life.Antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure may lead to adverse infant outcomes including microcephaly and being small for gestational age (SGA). ZIKV-exposed infants with a diagnosis of microcephaly (proportional [PM] or disproportional [DM]) or SGA at birth were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and health outcomes. METHODS: Infants had laboratory-confirmed ZIKV exposure in Brazil. PM, DM, or SGA classification was based on head circumference and weight. First-year growth parameters and clinical outcomes were recorded with analyses performed. RESULTS: Among the 156 ZIKV-exposed infants, 14 (9.0%) were SGA, 13 (8.3%) PM, 13 (8.3%) DM, and 116 (74.4%) were neither SGA nor had microcephaly (NSNM). High rates of any neurologic, ophthalmologic, and hearing abnormalities were observed for PM (100%), DM (100%), and SGA (42.9%) vs NSNM infants (18.3%; P <.001); odds ratio [OR], 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-10.7) for SGA vs NSNM. Neuroimaging abnormalities were seen in 100% of PM and DM and in 42.9% of SGA vs NSNM infants 16%; (P <.001); OR 3.9 (95% CI, 1.2-12.8) for SGA vs NSNM. Growth rates by z score, particularly for microcephaly infants, were poor after birth but showed improvement beyond 4 months of life. CONCLUSIONS: ZIKV-exposed infants with microcephaly (PM and DM) had similarly high rates of adverse outcomes but showed improvement in growth measurements beyond 4 months of life. While SGA infants had fewer adverse outcomes compared with microcephaly infants, notable adverse outcomes were observed in some; their odds of having adverse outcomes were 3 to 4 times greater compared to NSNM infants.Zika-exposed infants with microcephaly, irrespective of being proportional or disproportional, and those who are small for gestational age without microcephaly should be closely followed, particularly their growth trajectories. They are at high risk of adverse outcomes in the first year of life.

Association Between Neonatal Neuroimaging and Clinical Outcomes in Zika-Exposed Infants From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Importance: Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may present with a spectrum of clinical and neuroradiographic findings. Objective: To determine whether neuroimaging findings for infants with a history of ZIKV exposure are associated with infant clinical outcomes and gestational age at antenatal ZIKV infection. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study retrospectively reviewed neuroimaging results (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans) of 110 ZIKV-exposed infants from a maternity and children's hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, following the 2015 to 2016 ZIKV epidemic. Neuroimaging from March 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017, was evaluated to determine whether findings were associated with clinical outcomes and the timing of maternal ZIKV infection. Data were analyzed from July 1, 2017, to August 30, 2018. Exposures: Neuroimaging (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) was performed on ZIKV-exposed infants after birth. Blood and/or urine specimens from mothers and infants were tested for ZIKV by polymerase chain reaction assay. Main Outcomes and Measures: Neuroimaging studies were evaluated for structural abnormalities and other forms of brain injury. Results: A total of 110 infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 38.4 (2.1) weeks had neuroimaging and clinical outcome data reviewed. Of these, 71 (65%) had abnormal neuroimaging findings, with the majority (96%) classified as having severe ZIKV infection at birth. The most common neuroimaging abnormalities were structural abnormalities including brain calcifications, especially at the cortico-subcortical white matter junction, cortex malformations, ventriculomegaly, and reduced brain volumes, followed by brainstem hypoplasia, cerebellar hypoplasia, and corpus callosum abnormalities. Frequency of abnormal imaging was higher in infants with specific clinical findings as opposed to those without them; these findings included fetal brain disruption sequence (100% vs 35%), microcephaly (100% vs 30%), congenital contractures (100% vs 58%), ophthalmologic abnormalities (95% vs 44%), hearing abnormalities (100% vs 58%), and neurologic symptoms (94% vs 10%). Four of 39 infants (10%) without initial evidence of severe ZIKV infection and normal findings on neurologic evaluation at birth had abnormal neuroimaging findings. Neuroimaging abnormalities differed by trimester of maternal ZIKV infection, with 63% of infants born to mothers infected in the first trimester, 13% of infants born to mothers infected in the second trimester, and 1% of infants born to mothers infected in the third trimester exhibiting neuroimaging abnormalities. The odds of abnormal neuroimaging were 7.9 times greater for infants with first trimester ZIKV exposure compared with other trimesters combined (odds ratio, 7.9; 95% CI, 3.0-20.4; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: Neuroimaging abnormalities of computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans were common in ZIKV-exposed infants. While neuroimaging abnormalities were seen in 10% of infants without clinically severe ZIKV, most occurred almost exclusively among those with clinically severe ZIKV, especially among those with a history of ZIKV exposure in the first trimester.

Anthropometric and metabolic profile of a Brazilian Amerindian group: The Xikrin (Mebengôkre).

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the metabolic and anthropometric profile of the Xikrin (Mebengôkre), an indigenous group. METHODS: A total of 363 subjects (55.1% women) aged 18 years or older were evaluated. The variables analyzed were age, body weight and height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride level, and total cholesterol level. RESULTS: A high prevalence of obesity (36.5%) and central obesity (88.1%), mainly among women (46.9% and 96.2%, respectively), was found among the Xikrin (Mebengôkre). Impaired fasting glycemia and diabetes were found in 4.5% and 3.8% of adults, respectively. Twenty-one percent of adults had dyslipidemia and 9.3% had hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) and central obesity, especially in women, was the most significant finding of this study among the Xikrin (Mebengôkre).

Estágio Curricular Supervisionado em autarquia profissional: contribuições para a formação em Enfermagem / Supervised curricular internship in professional council: contributions to nursing formation

Objetivo: compartilhar a experiência relacionada a formação de estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem no desenvolvimento de estágio curricular supervisionado em autarquia profissional. Método: relato de experiência sobre o primeiro estágio curricular oportunizado pela criação de convênio entre a Universidade Federal de Goiás e o Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de Goiás. Resultados: foram desempenhadas atividades como estudo e reflexão sobre o arcabouço ético-legal que rege a Enfermagem e o sistema Conselho Federal/Conselhos Regionais de Enfermagem, fiscalizações in loco, participação em reuniões de planejamento, capacitações, audiências e posses de Comissões de Ética de instituições de saúde, atendimento aos profissionais, organização e levantamento de dados sobre os processos éticos. Conclusão: o estágio foi inovador e demonstrou ser importante para a formação dos estudantes como enfermeiros por promover o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes relacionados à dimensão ética da profissão e aos aspectos da gestão. (AU)

Objective: To share the experience related to the formation of undergraduate nursing students in the development of supervised curricular internship in professional autarchy. Method: Experience report on the first internship offered by the creation of an agreement between the Federal University of Goiás and the Goiás Regional Nursing Council. Results: Activities such as study and reflection on the ethical framework about Nursing and the sistem Federal Council / Regional Councils of Nursing were performed, on-site inspections, participation in planning meetings, training, hearings and possessions of ethics committees of health institutions, service to professionals, organization and data collection about ethical processes. Conclusion: The internship was innovative and proved to be important for the education of students as nurses by promoting the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes related to the ethical dimension of the profession and management aspects. (AU)

Objetivo: Compartir la experiencia relacionada con la formación de estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería en el desarrollo de pasantías curriculares supervisadas en autarquía profesional. Método: Informe de experiencia sobre la primera pasantía ofrecida por la creación de un acuerdo entre la Universidad Federal de Goiás y el Consejo Regional de Enfermería de Goiás. Resultados: Se realizaron actividades como el estudio y la reflexión sobre el marco ético que rige la Enfermería y el sistema Consejo Federal / Consejos Regionales de Enfermería, inspecciones in situ, participación en reuniones de planificación, capacitación, audiencias y posesiones de comités de ética de instituciones de salud, servicio a profesionales, organización y recolección de datos sobre procesos éticos. Conclusión: La pasantía fue innovadora y demostró ser importante para la educación de los estudiantes como enfermeras al promover el desarrollo de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes relacionadas con la dimensión ética de la profesión y los aspectos de gestión. (AU)

Cultural equivalence, reliability and utility of the Portuguese version of the Oral Behaviours Checklist.

BACKGROUND: Oral behaviors (OBs) must be assessed as part of a biobehavioural evaluation for patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: to translate and culturally adapt the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) into Portuguese; to evaluate its basic psychometric properties; and to assess the utility of the Portuguese OBC. METHODS: The Portuguese translation, cross-cultural equivalence, and two studies (Pre-field test, N = 8, and field test, N = 45) of the OBC adhered to official guidelines of the International RDC/TMD Research Consortium (now, INfORM). In the formal test (N = 120) the Portuguese RDC/TMD was used for TMD diagnosis. RESULTS: Translation and cultural equivalence of the OBC into Portuguese was reviewed and approved by an expert panel. In the field test, item agreement between English and Portuguese OBC versions was very good (weighted Kappa ≥ 0.934). Test-retest reliability of the OBCS umScore was excellent intra-class correlation coefficient ((ICC) = 0.998, P < 0.001). As an initial probe into validity using parallel forms, comparison of the sleep bruxism and awake clenching questions included in the RDC/TMD with the corresponding OBC questions yielded excellent (Kappa = 0.932) and very good (k = 0.850), respectively, convergent validity as well as excellent (that is, poor agreement, kappa = 0.013) discriminant validity for these specific OBs. The mean OBCS umScore was significantly lower for the healthy group, compared to the painful TMD group (ANOVA, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese translation of the OBC exhibits cross-cultural equivalence for use in Portugal, and the instrument performs with acceptable psychometric properties. The validity of the parafunction construct requires additional research in both Portuguese and other languages.

Ivermectin acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats.

Ivermectin (IVM) is an antiparasitic agent widely used in agricultural, domestic animals and in human clinical practice. In the present study, the temporal effects of therapeutic doses of IVM in the morphometric and histological assessment of testis were studied to verify if IVM acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats, if these effects are reversible. The testosterone levels and the plasmatic IVM levels were assessed. The results show: 1) IVM acute exposure, mainly in the higher dose, reduced the testicular volume, the tubular diameter and the germinal epithelium height; 2) no interferences on Leydig cells frequency; 3) histological studies show that tubular sections containing several histological changes indicative of spermatogenesis interruption, such as disorganization of germinal epithelium, vacuolar degeneration of the germ cells and sloughing of cells into the tubular lumen; 4) no differences in testosterone levels; 5) The IVM plasmatic levels were significantly reduced at 72h after the 0.2mg/kg. It was concluded that acute IVM impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of rats. Probably these effects were not consequence of IVM at the Leydig cells because no effects were observed at this level. Finally, our results suggest that some testicular effects are reversible and correlated with the plasmatic levels of IVM.

[Mutagenicity, genotoxicity and gene expression of Rad51C, Xiap, P53 and Nrf2 induced by antimalarial extracts of plants collected from the middle Vaupés region, Colombia].

INTRODUCTION: Due to Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs, it is important to find new therapeutic alternatives for malaria treatment and control. Based on the knowledge of Colombian indigenous communities, we collected extracts of plants with potential antimalarial effects from the middle Vaupés region. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects, as well as the gene expression of Rad51C, Xiap, P53 and Nrf2 induced by four ethanolic extracts with antimalarial activity (R001, T002, T015 and T028). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated four ethanolic extracts with antimalarial activity using the Ames test to assess mutagenicity, and the comet assay on HepG2 cells to determine the genotoxicicity. We also evaluated the expression of Rad51C, Xiap, P53 and Nrf2 from HepG2 cells stimulated with the four extracts. RESULTS: None of the four extracts was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activity. Extracts R001, T015 and T028 were weakly mutagenic on the TA100 strain in the presence of S9, with mutagenic indexes (MI) of 1.58, 1.53 and 1.61, respectively. The T015 strain showed the same behavior without S9 with an MI of 1.36. The results of the comet assay showed that the four extracts produced category 1 or 2 damage, with comets between 36.7 and 51.48 µm in length. However, the genetic damage index suggested that most of the cells were affected by the treatments. Regarding gene expression, extracts R001 and T028 induced an overexpression of genes Xiap and P53 with an 1.84 to 3.99 fold-change compared with untreated cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed that the T002 extract was the safest as it had antimalarial activity and was not cytotoxic on HepG2 cells. Moreover, it was not mutagenic and it only produced category 1 damage on the DNA. Also, the extract did not induce a change in the expression of the tested genes.

Efecto mutagénico y genotóxico, y expresión de los genes Rad51C , Xiap , P53 y Nrf2 inducidos por extractos antipalúdicos de plantas recolectadas en el Vaupés medio, Colombia / Mutagenicity, genotoxicity and gene expression of Rad51C, Xiap, P53 and Nrf2 induced by antimalarial extracts of plants collected from the middle Vaupés region, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. Dada la resistencia de Plasmodium a los medicamentos antipalúdicos, es necesario encontrar nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para su tratamiento y control. Con base en el saber indígena colombiano, se recopilaron extractos de plantas del Vaupés medio con potencial efecto antipalúdico. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto mutagénico y genotóxico, y la expresión de los genes Rad51C, Xiap, P53 yNrf2, inducidos por cuatro extractos etanólicos con actividad anti-Plasmodium(R001, T002, T015 y T028). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó el potencial mutagénico de cuatro extractos etanólicos con efecto antiplasmódico utilizando el test de Ames y el efecto genotóxico, con un ensayo del cometa; asimismo, se analizó la expresión de los genes Rad51C, Xiap, P53 y Nrf2 en células HepG2. Resultados. Los extractos no fueron mutágenos en la cepa TA98 de Salmonella typhimurium en presencia y ausencia de actividad metabólica de la fracción S9. En la cepa TA100, los extractos R001, T015 y T028 se comportaron como mutágenos débiles en presencia de S9, con índices mutagénicos de 1,58; 1,38; 1,53 y 1,61, respectivamente; T015 tuvo el mismo comportamiento en ausencia de S9, con un índice mutagénico de 1,36. En el ensayo del cometa, todos los extractos provocaron daño de categorías 1 o 2, con colas de cometas entre 36,7 y 51,48 µm de longitud; sin embargo, el índice dedaño genético sugirió que los tratamientos afectaron la mayoría de las células. En los genes en estudio, los extractos R001 y T028 indujeron una sobreexpresiónde 1,84 a 3,99 frente a las células sin tratar de los genes Xiap y P53. Conclusiones. Los resultados evidenciaron que el extracto T002 fue el más seguro, ya que presentó actividad anti-Plasmodium, no fue citotóxico en las células HepG2, no fue mutágeno, causó daño de categoría 1 en el ADN y no modificó la expresión de los genes evaluados.

Abstracts Introduction: Due to Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs, it is important to find new therapeutic alternatives for malaria treatment and control. Based on the knowledge of Colombian indigenous communities, we collected extracts of plants with potential antimalarial effects from the middle Vaupés region. Objective: To evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects, as well as the gene expression of Rad51C, Xiap, P53 and Nrf2 induced by four ethanolic extracts with antimalarial activity (R001, T002, T015 and T028). Materials and methods: We evaluated four ethanolic extracts with antimalarial activity using the Ames test to assess mutagenicity, and the comet assay on HepG2 cells to determine the genotoxicicity. We also evaluated the expression of Rad51C, Xiap, P53 and Nrf2 from HepG2 cells stimulated with the four extracts. Results: None of the four extracts was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activity. Extracts R001, T015 and T028 were weakly mutagenic on the TA100 strain in the presence of S9, with mutagenic indexes (MI) of 1.58, 1.53 and 1.61, respectively. The T015 strain showed the same behavior without S9 with an MI of 1.36. The results of the comet assay showed that the four extracts produced category 1 or 2 damage, with comets between 36.7 and 51.48 µm in length. However, the genetic damage index suggested that most of the cells were affected by the treatments. Regarding gene expression, extracts R001 and T028 induced an overexpression of genes Xiap and P53 with an 1.84 to 3.99 fold-change compared with untreated cells. Conclusions: These results revealed that the T002 extract was the safest as it had antimalarial activity and was not cytotoxic on HepG2 cells. Moreover, it was not mutagenic and it only produced category 1 damage on the DNA. Also, the extract did not induce a change in the expression of the tested genes.

Associação de membrana biológica de hemicelulose com pomada de estimulação da epitelização: relato de caso / Association of biological membrane of hemicellulose with epithelization stimulation ointment: case report / Asociación de la membrana biológica de hemicelulose con pomada de estimulación de la epitelización: informe de caso

Objetivo: Relatar o tratamento de queimadura de segundo grau superficial por meio de associação da membrana biológica de hemicelulose com pomada de estimulação da epitelização. Relato do Caso: Trata-se de um trabalho qualitativo descritivo, do tipo estudo de caso. Realizado em uma clínica especializada em curativos na cidade de Campina Grande, PB, em fevereiro de 2015. O estudo teve como amostra uma lesão proveniente de queimadura de segundo grau superficial, conduzida com aplicação do Veloderm®, membrana biológica de hemicelulose, associado ao Stimulen®, pomada de estimulação da epitelização, a cada sessão de curativos. D.L.M., 29 anos, sexo feminino, estudante, nega etilismo e tabagismo, e conhecimento de comorbidades. Admitida à clínica especializada com queimadura de segundo grau superficial em membro inferior direito, conduzida com limpeza lesional e perilesional, mais utilização de Veloderm® e Stimulen®, obteve resultado satisfatório em três sessões de curativos. Conclusão: Considera-se o tratamento delineado como exitoso, visto que foi alcançada cicatrização total da lesão. Portanto, houve um processo cicatricial rápido, efetivo, sem injúrias maiores da paciente e sem a presença de complicações associadas ao trauma da queimadura.

Objective: To report the treatment of superficial second-degree burn through the association of the hemicellulose biological membrane with epitelization stimulation ointment. Case Report: This is a qualitative, descriptive, case-study work. It was carried out in a dressing clinic in the city of Campina Grande, PB, in February, 2015. The study had as a sample a lesion from a second-degree superficial burn, conducted with the application of Veloderm®, hemicellulose biological membrane, associated to Stimulen®, epithelial stimulation ointment, at each dressing session. The procedure of data collection was done through the medical record and photographic record of the patients injury. D.L.M., 29 years old, female, student, denies alcoholism and smoking, and knowledge of comorbidities. Admitted to the specialized clinic with superficial second-degree burn in the right lower limb, conducted with lesion and perilesional cleansing, plus use of Veloderm® and Stimulen®, obtaining a satisfactory result in three sessions of dressings. Conclusion:The treatment outlined as successful was considered, since total wound healing was achieved. Therefore, there was a fast, effective cicatricial process, without major injuries to the patient and without the presence of complications associated with burn trauma.

Objetivos: Presentar el tratamiento de quemadura de segundo grado superficial por medio de la asociación de la membrana biológica de hemicelulose con pomada de estimulación da epitelización. Método: Se trata de un trabajo cualitativo descriptivo, un informe de caso. Realizado en una clínica especializada en tratamiento de heridas en la ciudad de Campina Grande, PB, en febrero de 2015. El estudio tubo como muestra lesiones de quemaduras de segundo grado superficial, siendo aplicado Veloderm®, membrana biológica de hemicelulosa, asociado a Stimulen®, para cada sesión de curación. D.L.M., de 29 años, sexo femenino, estudiante, niega el alcoholismo y el tabaquismo, y el conocimiento de comorbilidades. Ingresado en la clínica especializada con con quemadura de segundo grado superficial en la extremidad inferior derecha, realizada curación lesional y perilesional, siendo más utilizado el Veloderm® y Stumulen®, siendo obtenidos resultados satisfactorios. Conclusión: Se considera un delineamiento de tratamiento exitoso, ya que concluyó con la completa cicatrización de la lesión. Hubo un proceso de curación rápida, eficaz y sin grandes lesiones del paciente y sin la presencia de complicaciones asociadas con el trauma de la quemadura.