Effect of a Marathon on Skin Temperature Response After a Cold-Stress Test and Its Relationship With Perceptive, Performance, and Oxidative-Stress Biomarkers.

CONTEXT: Although skin-temperature assessment has received much attention in recent years as a possible internal-load measurement, scientific evidence is scarce. PURPOSE: To analyze baseline skin temperature and its rewarming through means of a cold-stress test before and after performing a marathon and to study the association between skin temperature and internal/external-load measurements. METHODS: A total of 16 runners were measured 48 and 24 h before and 24 and 48 h after completing a marathon. The measurements on each day of testing included urine biomarkers of oxidative stress, pain and fatigue perception, skin temperature (at baseline and after a cold-stress test), and jump performance. RESULTS: Reduced jump performance (P < .01 and effect size [ES] = 0.5) and higher fatigue and pain perception were observed 24 h after the marathon (P < .01 and ES > 0.8). Although no differences in baseline skin temperature were observed between the 4 measuring days, posterior legs presented lower constant (P < .01 and ES = 1.4) and higher slope (P = .04 and ES = 1.1) parameters in the algorithmic equations fitted for skin-temperature recovery after the cold-stress test 24 h after the marathon than on the day before the marathon. Regressions showed that skin-temperature parameters could be predicted by the ratio of ortho-tyrosine isomer to phenylalanine (oxidative stress biomarker) and body fat composition, among others. CONCLUSIONS: Although baseline skin temperature was not altered 24 or 48 h after a marathon, the application of cold stress after the marathon would appear to be a good method for providing information on vasoconstriction and a runner's state of stress.

Evolução tardia de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio tratados com stents farmacológicos na prática diária do mundo real: subanálise do registro DESIRE (drug-eluting stent in the real world) / Late follow-up of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with drug-eluting stents in the daily practice of the real world: a sub-analysis of the DESIRE registry (drug-eluting stent in the real world)

Introdução: Estudos prévios comparando stents farmacológicos (SFs) e stents não-farmacológicos sugerem eficácia e segurança dos SFs no tratamento de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). No entanto, a evolução tardia de pacientes com IAM tratados com SFs na prática diária permanece desconhecida. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o seguimento tardio de pacientes com IAM recente tratados com SFs na prática diária do mundo real. Métodos: Entre maio de 2002 e junho de 2009, 3.018 pacientes não-selecionados com indicação de intervenção percutânea eletiva ou de emergência foram consecutivamente tratados com SFs em uma instituição clínica. O seguimento tardio de até sete anos foi realizado em 98%, com mediana de 3,4 anos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: pacientes com IAM recente (< 30 dias) e pacientes sem IAM recente. Resultados: Os pacientes com IAM recente tinham menos comorbidades e mais doença multiarterial (68,1% vs. 60,7%; P < 0,001), lesões com trombo (13,6% vs. 1,3%; P < 0,001), fluxo TIMI 0/1 (8,3% vs. 1,1%; P < 0,001) e disfunção moderada/grave do ventrículo esquerdo (23,2% vs. 10,9%; P < 0,001), comparativamente aos pacientes sem IAM recente. O grupo IAM recente recebeu 1,6 ± 0,8 stent/ paciente e mais inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa (19,6% vs. 2%; P < 0,001), mas o sucesso angiográfico foi similar nos dois grupos (> 99%). No seguimento tardio, a incidência de óbito cardíaco (6,4% vs. 2,7%; P < 0,001) e de trombose de stent (3,6% vs. 1,3%; P < 0,001) foi significativamente maior no grupo IAM recente. O IAM recente permaneceu como preditor independente de trombose de stent na análise multivariada (RR 2,96, IC 95% 1,62-5,41; P < 0,001). Conclusões: Pacientes com IAM < 30 dias tratados com SFs apresentaram pior prognóstico quando comparados aos pacientes sem IAM recente, incluindo aumento significativo do óbito cardíaco até sete anos de acompanhamento, e ocorrência 2,5 vezes maior das taxas de trombose de stent.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies comparing drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents suggest efficacy and safety of the DES in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the late evolution of patients with MI treated with DES in the daily practice remains unknown. Our goal was to investigate the late follow-up of patients with MI recently treated with DES in the real world. METHODS: Between May 2002 and June 2009, 3,018 non-selected patients with indication for elective or urgent percutaneous coronary intervention have been consecutively treated with DES in a clinical institution. The 7-year follow-up was performed in 98% of these patients, with a median of 3.4 years. The patients were divided in two groups: patients with recent MI (< 30 days) and patients without recent MI. RESULTS: Patients with recent MI had less co-morbidities, but more multiarterial disease (68.1% vs. 60.7%; P < 0.001), lesions with thrombus (13.6% vs. 1.3%; P < 0.001), TIMI flow 0/1 (8.3% vs. 1.1%; P < 0.001), and moderate/severe LV dysfunction (23.2% vs. 10.9%; P < 0.001) when compared with patients without MI. The recent MI group received 1.6 ± 0.8 stents/patient and more glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (19.6% vs. 2%; P < 0.001), but the angiographic success (> 99%) was similar between groups. In the late follow-up, the incidence of cardiac death (6.4% vs. 2.7%; P < 0.001) and stent thrombosis (3.6% vs. 1.3%; P < 0.001) was significantly greater in the recent MI group. Recent MI remained an independent predictor of stent thrombosis in multivariate analysis (HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.62-5.41; P < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MI < 30 days treated with DES had a worse prognosis when compared with patients without recent MI, including a higher incidence of cardiac death and a 2.5 times greater occurrence of stent thrombosis rate up to 7-year follow-up.

Molecular correlations and solvation in simple fluids.

We study the molecular correlations in a lattice model of a solution of a low-solubility solute, with emphasis on how the thermodynamics is reflected in the correlation functions. The model is treated in the Bethe-Guggenheim approximation, which is exact on a Bethe lattice (Cayley tree). The solution properties are obtained in the limit of infinite dilution of the solute. With h(11)(r), h(12)(r), and h(22)(r) the three pair correlation functions as functions of the separation r (subscripts 1 and 2 referring to solvent and solute, respectively), we find for r > or = 2 lattice steps that h(22)(r)/h(12)(r) is identical with h(12)(r)/h(11)(r). This illustrates a general theorem that holds in the asymptotic limit of infinite r. The three correlation functions share a common exponential decay length (correlation length), but when the solubility of the solute is low the amplitude of the decay of h(22)(r) is much greater than that of h(12)(r), which in turn is much greater than that of h(11)(r). As a consequence the amplitude of the decay of h(22)(r) is enormously greater than that of h(11)(r). The effective solute-solute attraction then remains discernible at distances at which the solvent molecules are essentially no longer correlated, as found in similar circumstances in an earlier model. The second osmotic virial coefficient is large and negative, as expected. We find that the solvent-mediated part W(r) of the potential of mean force between solutes, evaluated at contact, r = 1, is related in this model to the Gibbs free energy of solvation at fixed pressure, DeltaG(p)(*), by (Z/2)W(1) + DeltaG(p)(*) is identical with pv(0), where Z is the coordination number of the lattice, p is the pressure, and v(0) is the volume of the cell associated with each lattice site. A large, positive DeltaG(p)(*) associated with the low solubility is thus reflected in a strong attraction (large negative W at contact), which is the major contributor to the second osmotic virial coefficient. In this model, the low solubility (large positive DeltaG(p)(*)) is due partly to an unfavorable enthalpy of solvation and partly to an unfavorable solvation entropy, unlike in the hydrophobic effect, where the enthalpy of solvation itself favors high solubility, but is overweighed by the unfavorable solvation entropy.

Alternative hydrogen bond implementations produce opposite effects on collapse cooperativity of lattice homopolypeptide models.

We use complete enumeration of self-avoiding chains of up to N=26 monomers in two-dimensional lattices to investigate the effect of alternative implementations of backbone hydrogen bonds on the cooperativity of homopolypeptide collapse. Following a recent study on protein folding models, we use the square lattice with z=3 local conformations per monomer and lattice extensions containing diagonal steps which result in z=5 or z=7 and assume that only a subset of zh