ABSTRACT
The elastic-plastic properties of mesoscale electrodeposited LIGA Ni alloy specimens are investigated as a function of specimen size, strain rate, and material composition. Two material compositions are studied: a high-strength fine-grained Ni-Fe alloy and a high-ductility coarse-grained Ni-Co alloy. The specimens have thicknesses of approximately 200 µm and gauge widths ranging from 75 µm to 700 µm. Tensile tests are conducted at strain rates of 0.001/s and 1/s using tabletop loading apparatuses and digital image correlation (DIC) for strain measurement. For each test condition, the apparent Young's modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and strain hardening exponent and strength coefficient are extracted from the tensile tests. The true strains to failure are also assessed from fractography. Size, rate, and composition effects are discussed. For most properties, the statistical scatter represented by the standard deviation exceeds the measurement uncertainty; the notable exceptions to these observations are the apparent Young's modulus and yield strength, where large measurement uncertainties are ascribed to common experimental factors and material microplasticity.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Exponer un caso de gangrena de Fournier a su vez, ampliar conocimientos teorico-practicos sobre esta patología, medios diagnósticos y terapéutica clínico-quirúrgica experimental empleada; así evaluando los resultados mediatos, y repercusiones a largo plazo. Sede: Hospital Municipal Los Pinos, Segundo Nivel La Paz, Bolivia Diseño: Presentación de caso clínico Introducción: La gangrena de Fournier, es una fascitis necrotizante fulminante y progresiva, entidad infecciosa, sinérgica y polimicrobiana de la región perineal Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 56 años, realizada la revisión semiológica, estudios laboratoriales e imagenologicos, evidencia cuadro compatible con Gangrena de Fournier. Se realizó drenaje y necrosectomia, además de limpiezas quirúrgicas e instalación de un sistema de lavado continuo experimental. El reporte patológico: tejido necrótico de licuefacción, reacción inflamatoria aguda, compatible con fascitis necrotizante. Paciente fue controlado en consulta externa para curaciones y cierre diferido de periné y bolsa escrotal. Discusión: La gangrena de Fournier constituye una emergencia quirúrgica letal, requiere tratamiento agresivo, oportuno y multidisciplinario. Los tres pilares del tratamiento vigentes son: a) Debridación amplia de tejidos necróticos, b) Apoyo sistémico hidroelectrolítico, nutricional y antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro, c) Reparación de tejidos afectados.
Objective: Exposing a case of Fournier gangrene at the same time, expand knowledge theoretical-practical about this disease, media diagnostic and Clinical-surgical experimental Therapeutics employed; thus evaluating consequential outcomes and long-term impact. Venue: Municipal Hospital Los Pinos, second level La Paz, Bolivia Design: Presentation of clinical case. Introduction: Fournier gangrene is a fulminant and progressive Necrotizing, infectious, synergistic and polymicrobial Fasciitis of the perineal region. Clinical Case: 56-year-old male patient conducted the semiotic review, laboratory studies, and imaging, evidence box compatible with Fournier's gangrene. Performed drainage and necrosectomy, as well as surgical cleaning and installation of an experimental continuous washing system. The pathological report: necrotic tissue of liquefaction, compatible with Necrotizing Fasciitis, acute inflammatory reaction. Patient was controlled in outpatient for cures and delayed closing of perineum and scrotal pouch. Discussion: Fournier gangrene is a lethal surgical emergency, requires aggressive, timely and multidisciplinary treatment. The three pillars of the treatment applicable are: a) Debridement of necrotic tissue, b) systemic support water-electrolyte, nutritional and antibiotic broad-spectrum, c) repair of affected tissues.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sepsis/surgery , Fournier Gangrene/physiopathology , Fournier Gangrene/microbiology , Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
A scanning thermal microscope with a Wollaston probe was used to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal variation of temperature in interconnect structures subjected to thermal cycling. The probe, utilized in passive temperature sensing mode, was calibrated from 20 degrees C to 200 degrees C using a single-layer aluminum microdevice. Spatial measurements were performed on nonpassivated aluminum interconnects sinusoidally heated by a 6 MA/cm(2) current at 200 Hz. The interconnects were determined to have temperatures that decreased with position from a maximum located at the center of both the interconnect length and width. Time-resolved temperature measurements were performed on the same structures sinusoidally heated by a 6 MA/cm(2) current at 2 Hz. Both the peak-cycle temperature and average-cycle temperature were found to decrease with increasing distance from the center of the width of the interconnects.
