Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Users of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Centers in Portugal.

Objective: Users of publicly funded voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Centers (VCT C) in the Portuguese National Service have been found to have higher rates of HIV risk behavior than the general population, but data concerning the relationship between socio-demographic, behavioral, and cognitive variables, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (ST Is) in this specific population are limited. This study tests the impact of socio-demographic, behavioral and cognitive variables on ST Is in a sample of 168 users of VCT C. Methods: A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was conducted. Results: Being older, being gay or bisexual, and having more barriers towards safer sex (e.g., negative attitudes toward safer sex behavior) were associated with increased odds of having had a ST I diagnosis. We found significant differences between heterosexual and gay men for number of sexual partners, frequency of anal sex, exchanging sex for money or drugs, history of ST Is, AIDS knowledge, and risk beliefs about the partner, with gay men showing higher rates. Conclusions: ST Is education should target older, gay or bisexual individuals, and focus on information as well as on changing barriers towards safer sex and associated health beliefs.

Crianças com retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor: musicoterapia promovendo qualidade de vida / Niños con retraso del desarrollo neurológico: musicoterapia promoviendo la calidad de vida / Children with neuropsychomotor development delay: music therapy promoting quality of life

RESUMOObjetivo:identificar a influência da musicoterapia no comportamento e qualidade de vida de crianças portadoras de retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (RDNPM).Método:pesquisa experimental, com aplicações de musicoterapia (em um grupo de crianças) realizada na associação especializada em Cruz das Almas - Bahia, composta por 17 crianças portadoras de RDNPM com idade entre 5 a 12 anos. Foi observado o comportamento das crianças envolvendo aspectos emocionais, físicos, sociais e escolares.Resultados:houve evolução em todos os aspectos, sendo esta melhora significativa para os domínios Capacidade Emocional e Capacidade Escolar, mostrando os efeitos benéficos da musicoterapia.Conclusão:a terapia através da música torna-se uma opção de tratamento para crianças com RDNPM, melhorando a sua qualidade de vida.

RESUMENObjetivo:identificar la influencia de la musicoterapia en las alteraciones de la calidad de vida en niños portadores de retardo del desarrollo neuropsicomotor (RDPM).Método:se trata de pesquisa experimental con aplicaciones de musicoterapia realizada en una asociación especializada en la ciudad de Cruz das Almas - Bahia, compuesta de 17 niños portadores de RDPM con edad entre 5 y 12 años. Ha sido observado el comportamiento de niños, involucrando aspectos emocionales, físicos, sociales y escolares.Resultados:hubo evolución en todos los aspectos, con mejoría significativa para Capacidad Emocional y Escolar, mostrando los efectos benéficos de la musicoterapia.Conclusión:la terapia através de la música se vuelve una opción de tratamiento para niños con RDPM, mejorando así la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACTObjective:to identify the influence of music therapy on the behavior and quality of life of children with neuropsychomotor development delay (NPMDD).Method:experimental research, with applications of music therapy (in a group of children) held in the specialized association in Cruz das Almas - Bahia, composed of 17 children with NPMDD aged 5 to 12 years. The behavior of children involving emotional, physical, social and school aspects was observed.Results:there was an evolution in all aspects, being this improvement significant to Emotional Capacity and School Capacity domains, showing the beneficial effects of music therapy.Conclusion:music therapy becomes a treatment option for children with NPMDD, improving their quality of life.

Distortion-product otoacoustic emission growth curves in neonates / Curva de crescimento das emissões otoacústicas produto de distorção em neonatos.

Background: The recording of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) enabled us to prove that the cochlea is able not only to receive sounds but also to produce acoustic energy. Through the use of distortion-product otoacoustic emission measurements, the growth of the response was seen according to the intensity of the sound stimulus presented (growth curve). Objective: to determine the thresholds for the emergence of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) on frequencies of 2000 and 4000 Hz with a stimulus varying from 20 to 65dB SPL, and to establish the slope values obtained in the growth curves. Methods: 39 neonates aged 5 to 28 days without risk indicators of hearing loss were studied. The DPOAE growth curves were obtained on the frequencies from 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz with a level of intensity ranging from 20 to 65dB SPL divided into two paradigms (20 to 40dB SPL and 40-65dB SPL). Results: there was a statistically significant difference in the thresholds for the emergence of DPOAE depending on the criteria used. The thresholds were on average higher at 4000 Hz than 2000 Hz and the slope was higher on average at 2000 Hz than 4000 Hz, although not statistically significant in either case. Conclusion: the thresholds were on average 30dB SPL at 2000Hz and 35dB SPL at 4000Hz. The slope values varied between 3 and 4 on average, reaching 15 in some cases. .

Introdução: o registro das emissões otoacústicas permitiu comprovar que a cóclea, além de receber os sons, produz energia acústica. Com a medida das emissões otoacústicas – produto de distorção (EOAPD), verifica-se o crescimento da resposta de acordo com a intensidade do estímulo sonoro apresentado (curva de crescimento). Objetivo: determinar os limiares de surgimento das EOAPD nas frequências de 2.000 e 4.000 Hz com estímulo de 20 a 65 dB NPS e estabelecer os valores de slope obtidos nas curvas de crescimento. Métodos: foram estudados 39 neonatos com 5 a 28 dias de vida sem indicadores de risco para perda auditiva. A captação das curvas de crescimento das EOAPD foi realizada em 2.000 e 4.000 Hz com nível de intensidade variando de 20 a 65 dB em dois paradigmas (20 a 40 dB NPS e 40 a 65 dB NPS). Resultados: houve diferença estatística significante dos limiares de surgimento das EOAPD dependendo do critério utilizado. Os limiares foram, em média, mais elevados em 4.000 Hz do que em 2.000 Hz, e o slope foi, em média, maior em 2.000 Hz do que em 4.000 Hz; porém, com diferença não significante em ambos os casos. Conclusão: os limiares de surgimento foram, em média, 30 dB NPS em 2.000 Hz e 35 dB NPS em 4.000 Hz. Os valores do slope variaram, em média, entre 3 e 4, chegando a 15 em alguns casos. .

Alterações ocorridas no cotidiano de pessoas acometidas pela úlcera venosa: contribuições à Enfermagem / Alteraciones en el estilo de vida de personas que padecen úlcera venosa / Changes in the lifestyle of people with venous ulcer

Introdução: a úlcera varicosa caracteriza-se por ser uma lesão cutânea que acomete o terço inferior das pernas, podendo ser desencadeada por alterações vasculares, metabólicas e hematológicas. Objetivo: conhecer as alterações ocorridas no cotidiano de pessoas acometidas pela úlcera varicosa. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva-exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no projeto de extensão: Cuidados Fisioterapêuticos nas Ulcerações dos Membros Inferiores, da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), no município de Jequié/BA. Resultados: Mostraram que as úlceras varicosas e suas constantes recidivas repercutem diretamente no cotidiano dos indivíduos acometidos, uma vez que, limitam muitas das suas atividades de vida diária bem como provocam o isolamento social. Conclusões: identificaram-se limitações nas atividades cotidianas de lazer e laborais, aposentadoria por invalidez, bem como sentimentos e sensações de angústia e sofrimento que interferem em suas relações sociais(AU)

Introducción: la úlcera varicosa se caracteriza por ser una lesión cutánea que ataca el tercio inferior de las piernas. Puede ser desencadenada por alteraciones vasculares, metabólicas y hematológicas. Objetivo: conocer los cambios ocurridos cotidianamente en personas afectadas por úlceras venosas. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, en el año 2009, en la Escuela de Clínica de Terapia Física de la Universidad estatal del Sudoeste de Bahía (UESB), cuidad de Jequié/BA. Las informaciones fueron recogidas por entrevista semi-estructurada, y el análisis por la técnica de análisis de contenido temático de Bardin. Resultados: mostraron la lucha constante de los individuos ante a las recidivas de la herida crónica, provocando aislamiento social y limitaciones en la vida cotidiana. Conclusiones: la úlcera venosa ocasiona inúmeros cambios y readaptaciones en el estilo de vida de las personas y de toda su red social(AU)

Introduction: varicose ulcer is characterized by being a skin lesion that affects the lower third of the legs and can be triggered by vascular, metabolic and hematologic changes. Objective: to know the changes in the daily lives of people affected by varicose ulcer. Methods: descriptive and exploratory research with qualitative approach, held in extension project: Physical Therapy Care in ulcerations of the lower limbs, the Clinical School of Physiotherapy at the State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), in Jequié / BA. Results: showed that varicose ulcers and his constant relapses directly affect the daily lives of individuals affected, since many of its limited daily activities and cause social isolation. Conclusions: we identified limitations in daily activities of leisure and labor, disability retirement, as well as feelings and sensations of anguish and suffering that interfere with their social relations(AU)

A comparative study between conventional and liquid-based cytology in screening for anal intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients.

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is associated with HPV infection and can be detected by cytological screening. While conventional exfoliative cytology (CC) is a low-cost and nonaggressive method, liquid-based cytology (LBC) tends to give clearer readings. Although studies of the efficacy of anal cancer screening methods would be of great importance for groups at high risk for AIN, few such studies have been conducted. The aim of the present study was to assess the concordance of CC and LBC in diagnosing anal pre-neoplastic lesions, and to compare cytological results with anoscopy, histopathological, and molecular biology findings. Comparative study involving 33 HIV-positive patients, who underwent anoscopy and biopsy of suspected lesions. Concordance between the two cytology methods was calculated, as were the associations between cytology results and findings from other screening methods. A total of 54.5% of cases were considered AIN-negative by CC and LBC, and concordance between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anoscopy was negative in 15 of the 18 CC- and LBC-negative cases. CC identified 75% of patients with positive biopsy, while LBC identified 85.71% of these patients. Molecular biology results showed that patients with LSIL tested positive for the highest number of HPV subtypes. The associations between positive biopsy and high grade HPV, HPV 16, and multiple HPV infections were not statistically significant. Conventional and liquid-based cytology are equally effective in screening for anal preneoplastic lesions.

Distortion-product otoacoustic emission growth curves in neonates.

BACKGROUND: The recording of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) enabled us to prove that the cochlea is able not only to receive sounds but also to produce acoustic energy. Through the use of distortion-product otoacoustic emission measurements, the growth of the response was seen according to the intensity of the sound stimulus presented (growth curve). OBJECTIVE: to determine the thresholds for the emergence of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) on frequencies of 2000 and 4000 Hz with a stimulus varying from 20 to 65 dB SPL, and to establish the slope values obtained in the growth curves. METHODS: 39 neonates aged 5 to 28 days without risk indicators of hearing loss were studied. The DPOAE growth curves were obtained on the frequencies from 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz with a level of intensity ranging from 20 to 65 dB SPL divided into two paradigms (20 to 40 dB SPL and 40-65 dB SPL). RESULTS: there was a statistically significant difference in the thresholds for the emergence of DPOAE depending on the criteria used. The thresholds were on average higher at 4000 Hz than 2000 Hz and the slope was higher on average at 2000 Hz than 4000 Hz, although not statistically significant in either case. CONCLUSION: the thresholds were on average 30 dB SPL at 2000 Hz and 35 dB SPL at 4000 Hz. The slope values varied between 3 and 4 on average, reaching 15 in some cases.

A mortalidade infantil e a atuação dos Comitês nos municípios do Litoral Norte de São Paulo de 2003 a 2012 / Infant mortality and the role of the Committees in the cities of the North Coast of São Paulo from 2003 to 2012

A partir da década de 90, O Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro passou a incentivar a criação dos Comitês Municipais de Investigação da Mortalidade Materna e Infantil (CMMI) visando: qualificar os sistemas de informação; melhorar a assistência à saúde; subsidiar políticas e reduzir as taxas de mortalidade materna e infantil...

A Mortalidade Infantil nos Municípios do Litoral Norte de São Paulo de 2003 a 2012 / Child mortality in the cities of the northern coast of São Paulo from 2003 to 2012

O artigo tem como objetivo descrever a evolução da mortalidade infantil no litoral norte de SP, considerando: os coeficientes de mortalidade infantil e seus componentes, bem como as principais causas de óbitos infantis. METODOLOGIA ­ Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo. A população estudada consistiu no total de crianças menores de um ano e no total de óbitos infantis dos quatro municípios do litoral norte de São Paulo, no período de 2003 a 2012. Foram realizadas análises dos indicadores quanto aos componentes da mortalidade infantil (neonatal precoce, neonatal tardio e pós-neonatal), suas tendências ao longo dos anos, suas causas; suas correlações com os critérios de classificação de causas evitáveis. RESULTADO ­ Persistem na região os óbitos neonatais precoces (56%), por causas perinatais (58%) e por malformações congênitas (19%), sendo a maioria evitável por intervenções relacionadas à gestação (33%), ao recém-nascido (32%) e, em menor proporção, ao parto (17%). A partir dos resultados obtidos sugerem-se a qualificação dos profissionais que realizam o pré-natal, o parto e a assistência inicial ao recém-nascido, bem como estudos que avaliem a saúde dos recém-nascidos egressos da UTI neonatal de Caraguatatuba.

Value of human papillomavirus typing for detection of anal cytological abnormalities.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate anal cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) typing in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anal samples were collected from 61 patients (44 men and 17 women) and analyzed by PapilloCheck test and conventional cytology. RESULTS: Of all anal samples, 37.7% had cytological abnormalities, 47.54% were negative and 14.75% were unsatisfactory. High-risk HPV, multiple high-risk HPV and HPV 16 infection was detected in 91.13%, 78.26% and 47.82% of the samples with cytological abnormalities and in 47.54%, 6.89% and 3.44% of the negative samples, respectively. High-risk HPV infection was significantly more frequent in anal samples with cytological abnormalities than in negative samples (P = 0.0005, Fisher's test), particularly multiple high-risk HPV infection (P < 0.0001) and HPV 16 infection (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk HPV, multiple high-risk HPV and HPV 16 infections are significantly associated with anal cytological abnormalities. Furthermore, the frequency of HPV infection in anal cytological samples suggests that high-risk HPV detection has high sensitivity, but low specificity for detection of anal cytological abnormalities, but multiple high-risk HPV typing and HPV 16 typing have a lower sensitivity and high specificity. Results suggest that HPV typing may be useful as an adjunct to cytology to screen patients for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy.

A mortalidade infantil e a atuação dos Comitês nos municípios do Litoral Norte de São Paulo de 2003 a 2012 / Infant mortality and the role of the Committees in the cities of the North Coast of São Paulo from 2003 to 2012

A partir da década de 90, O Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro passou a incentivar a criação dos Comitês Municipais de Investigação da Mortalidade Materna e Infantil (CMMI) visando: qualificar os sistemas de informação; melhorar a assistência à saúde; subsidiar políticas e reduzir as taxas de mortalidade materna e infantil...

Follow-up study of unknowingly pregnant women vaccinated against rubella in Brazil, 2001-2002.

BACKGROUND: Brazil conducted mass immunization of women of childbearing age in 2001 and 2002. Surveillance was initiated for vaccination of women during pregnancy to monitor the effects of rubella vaccination on fetal outcomes. METHODS: Women vaccinated while pregnant or prior to conception were reported to the surveillance system. Susceptibility to rubella infection was determined by anti-rubella immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG immunoassays. Susceptible women were observed through delivery. Live-born infants were tested for anti-rubella IgM antibody; IgM-seropositive newborns were tested for viral shedding and observed for 12 months for signs of congenital rubella syndrome. Incidence of congenital rubella infection was calculated using data from 7 states. RESULTS: A total of 22 708 cases of rubella vaccination during pregnancy or prior to conception were reported nationwide, 20,536 (90%) of which were from 7 of 27 states in Brazil. Of these, 2332 women were susceptible to rubella infection at vaccination. Sixty-seven (4.1%) of 1647 newborns had rubella IgM antibody (incidence rate, 4.1 congenital infections per 100 susceptible women vaccinated during pregnancy [95% confidence interval, 3.2-5.1]). None of the infants infected with rubella vaccine virus was born with congenital rubella syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: As rubella elimination goals are adopted worldwide, evidence of rubella vaccine safety aids in planning and implementation of mass adult immunization.

Procedimentos dolorosos realizados com recém-nascidos prematuros moderados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) / Painful procedures performed on premature newborns at an Intensive Care Unit / Procedimientos dolorosos realizados en recien nacidos prematuros moderados en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

Objetivo: avaliar a frequência de procedimentos dolorosos que os recém-nascidos prematuros moderados (RNPTM) foram submetidos durante a internação em uma UTIN. Método: trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo analítico e exploratório. A população foi composta por 106 RNPTM, internados no período de agosto de 2003 a agosto de 2005 em um hospital privado de Salvador, Bahia. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo do recém-nascido, idade gestacional, tempo de internamento, peso ao nascer, Apgar no primeiro e quinto minutos e números de consultas pré-natais. A variável de desfecho foi a frequência de procedimentos dolorosos. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados no Epi Info Windows3.3.2. O estudo foi aprovado aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital Santa Izabel (FR 83357). Resultados: o risco para exposição a procedimentos dolorosos aumenta quando associado: a idade gestacional de 31 e 32 semanas, cujo risco relativo (RR) 1,70 (p=0,01); ao tempo de internamento superior a vinte e sete dias na UTIN, RR 2,05(p=0,00); ao Boletim de Apgar menor ou igual a sete, e menor igual a oito no primeiro minuto 1,70 (p=0,02) e no quinto minuto, 1,87 (p=0,03),respectivamente; ao número de consultas pré-natais inferiores a seis, 1,96 (p=0,00). Conclusão: estes dados apontam a necessidade de alternativas que minimizem os procedimentos dolorosos que os RNPTM são expostos em uma UTIN.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the frequency of painful procedures that premature newborns were submitted to during their stay in a NICU. Method: this is about an analytical and exploratory cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 106 moderately premature newborns, hospitalized during the period from August 3 to August 5 in a private hospital in Salvador (BA), Brazil. The variables were: sex of the newborn, gestational age, hospitalization duration, birth weight and length, Apgar Score in the first and fifth minutes, number of prenatal checkups, and small size for gestational age. The outcome variable was the frequency of painful procedures. The data had been stored e analyzed in Epi Info Windows 3.3.2. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of Santa Izabel Hospital (FR 83357). Results: demonstrated that the risk for exposition the painful procedures increases when associated: the gestacional age of 31 and 32 weeks, whose relative risk (RR) 1,70 (p=0,01); to the time of superior internment the twenty and seven days in the UTIN, RR 2,05 (p=0,00); to the Bulletin of lesser or equal Apgar the seven, and equal minor the eight in first minute 1,70 (p=0,02) and in the fifth minute, 1,87 ( p=0,03), respectively; to the number of inferior prenatal consultations the six, 1,96 (p=0,00). Conclusion: these data point the necessity for alternatives that minimize the painful procedures that the RNPTM are displayed in the UTIN.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la frecuencia de procedimientos dolorosos a que los recién nacidos prematuros moderados (RNPTM) fueron sometidos durante el internamiento en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Método: se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo analítico y exploratorio. la población fue compuesta por 106 RNPT moderados, internados en el período de agosto 2003 a agosto 2005 en un hospital privado de Salvador, Bahia. Las variables fueron: sexo del RN, edad gestacional, tiempo de internamiento, estatura, peso al nacer, Apgar en el primer y quinto minutos, números de consultas prenatales y pequeño para edad gestacional (PIG). La variable de desfecho fue la frecuencia de procedimientos dolorosos. Los datos fueron almacenada e analizados en el Epi Info Windows 3.3.2. El estúdio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en la Pesquisa del Hospital Santa Izabel (FR 83357). Resultados: el riesgo para exposición a procedimientos dolorosos aumenta cuando asociado: a la edad gestacional de 31 y 32 semanas, RR 1,70 (p=0,01); al tiempo de internamiento superior a veintisiete dias en la UTIN, RR 2,05 (p=0,00); al Boletin de Apgar menor o igual a siete, y menor igual a ocho en el primer minuto RR 1,70 (p=0,02) y en el quinto minuto, RR 1,87 (p=0,03), respectivamente; al número de consultas prenatales inferiores a seis, RR de 1,96 (p=0,00). Conclusión: estos datos apuntan la necesidad en buscar alternativas que minimizem los procedimientos dolorosos a que los RNPTM son expuestos en las UTIN.(AU)

Papillary carcinoma with nodular fasciitis-like stroma--a case report in pregnancy.

We report a case of Papillary carcinoma with nodular fasciitis-like stroma that is a rare variant of Papillary carcinoma characterized by a prominent stromal cell proliferation that causes difficulties in cytologic and histologic diagnosis. The patient was a 34-year-old woman, pregnant, presented with a 1-year history of a growing mass in neck, dysphagia, and hoarseness. Physical examination revealed a firm nodular mass in thyroid gland. The fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen contained, besides diagnostic epithelial features of Papillary thyroid carcinoma, discohesive arrangement of bland spindle cells. Macroscopically, the specimen consisted of nodular tumor measuring 10 x 6 x 6 cm. Histologically the tumor was composed of small foci of neoplastic epithelial component distributed in abundant stroma. In immunohistochemistry, spindle cells in the stroma were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and the neoplastic cells showed positive staining for TTF-1 and progesterone receptor.

Repercussões da dor neonatal no desenvolvimento neuromotor de infantes / Effects of neonatal pain on neuromotor development in infants

A dor experenciada pelo prematuro durante a fase neonatal pode trazer alterações neurocomportamentais tardias. Uma coorte retrospectiva foi realizada com objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento neuromotor dos infantes submetidos a procedimentos dolorosos repetidos em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e determinar a incidência das alterações neuromotoras encontradas. Foram estudados 41 (38,7%) infantes prematuros moderados num total de 106 recém-nascidos identificados através do livro de registro e prontuários. Uma perda de seguimento de 65 (61,3%) recém-nascidos ocorreu devido a informações incorretas de endereços e telefones que inviabilizaram sua localização. As informações foram obtidas com os responsáveis pelos infantes através de um formulário para Avaliação Neurológica (Gesell, 2003). Os dados foram armazenados e analisados utilizando o programa Epi Info Windows e pacote estatístico R. Observamos que 20 (48,8%) infantes são do sexo masculino, 10 (24,4%) nasceram com peso ≤1500g, 21 (51,2%) tinham 01 ano de idade. A incidência de alterações neuromotoras foi de 39%. O risco de ter alteração foi 1,35 (IC 95% 0,62- 2,93) vezes maior para infantes do sexo masculino comparados aos do sexo feminino e ser submetido a cem ou mais procedimentos dolorosos aumentou o risco de alterações neuromotoras, tais como inabilidade na aquisição motora no andar, RR=2,56 (IC 95% 0,73-8,84 p=0,12) e do "pegar em forma de pinça" 2,13 (0,58-7,75 p=0,22), embora nenhum tenha alcançado significância estatística. Os fatores de risco independentemente associados à alteração neuromotora no modelo de regressão logística foram asfixia perinatal 13,85 (1,28 ­ 149,42), Apgar no primeiro minuto 6,37 (1,33 ­ 30,56) e Apgar no quinto minuto 2,21 (1,12 ­ 4,34; p=0,07). É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde saibam valorizar a dor do recém-nascido, buscando prevenir os possíveis prejuízos no desenvolvimento da criança a longo prazo.

Six-year follow-up survey of sexually transmitted diseases in Brasilia, the Capital of Brazil.

The notification of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is a prime component of well-designed public health policy. However, peculiar aspects of STD must be taken into account for the correct management of surveillance activities. Here, we describe the distribution of the most common sexually transmitted diseases among patients attended by the gynecological clinics of the principal public hospitals of Brasilia and the Federal District, Brazilian capital, during six years. A total of 142,158 patients had their cervicovaginal samples collected for Papanicolaou preparations and eventual biopsies. Diagnosis was made according to cytological and histological alterations, distinguishing among vaginal infections, and pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. We also looked at the annual prevalence of the various types of infections and alterations. There was a high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis, with suggestive changes over the years. Pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions increased 2.2 fold during the six years. A large proportion of the cases involved late stages of cervical cancer, indicating the necessity of prompt attendance of the population in a routine gynecological prevention program.

Six-year follow-up survey of sexually transmitted diseases in Brasilia, the Capital of Brazil

The notification of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is a prime component of well-designed public health policy. However, peculiar aspects of STD must be taken into account for the correct management of surveillance activities. Here, we describe the distribution of the most common sexually transmitted diseases among patients attended by the gynecological clinics of the principal public hospitals of Brasilia and the Federal District, Brazilian capital, during six years. A total of 142,158 patients had their cervicovaginal samples collected for Papanicolaou preparations and eventual biopsies. Diagnosis was made according to cytological and histological alterations, distinguishing among vaginal infections, and pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. We also looked at the annual prevalence of the various types of infections and alterations. There was a high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis, with suggestive changes over the years. Pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions increased 2.2 fold during the six years. A large proportion of the cases involved late stages of cervical cancer, indicating the necessity of prompt attendance of the population in a routine gynecological prevention program.

Avaliação do conhecimento de aspectos da prevenção e educação em Odontologia, dentição decídua e oclusão, em gestantes e mães até 6 anos pós-parto, com fator importante na manutenção da saúde bucal da criança / Dental education, prevention, deciduous dentition and occlusion knowledge evaluation in pregnants women and six years after birth, as an important factor to maintain the child's oral health

Avaliação sobre o conhecimento de aspectos de prevenção, educação, dentição decídua e oclusão, por intermédio de um questionário entregue para 501 mães gestantes e até 6 anos pós-parto com padrão sócio-econômico médio-alto. As respostas foram avaliadas em termos de freqüencia e porcentual, verificando as crenças, valores e hábitos das mães, em relação a elas próprias e seus filhos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria das mães apesar de apresentarem um bom cuidado em relação a sua própria saúde bucal, não consideram a idade de 6 meses a 1 ano de seus filhos como a idade ideal para o início de programas de prevenção. Com relação a métodos preventivos observou-se que apesar da mãe citar o dentista como sua maior fonte de informação, selante, bochechos, pasta fluoretadas e flúor sistêmico são menos conhecidos do que a aplicação tópica de flúor. Observou-se que a informação pode contribuir na conduta da Odontologia Preventiva e Odontopediatria