ABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious and debilitating infection with high fatality rate in tropical and subtropical countries. As clinical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis are not so specific, confirmatory diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity are needed. Noninvasive methods have been developed using urine as a clinical sample for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis. In fact, there is a clear correlation between kidney impairment and Leishmania DNA in urine. However, it has been proved that Leishmania nucleic acid may also be isolated from patients without any sign of renal involvement. Even though urine has become a promissing biological sample, it is still not widely used due to several issues, such as (i) incomprehension of the whole renal pathophysiology process in visceral leishmaniasis, (ii) presence of many amplification inhibitors in urine, and (iii) lack of an efficient urinary DNA extraction method. In this article, we performed a literature review to bring a new perspective for Leishmania DNA isolation in urine.
Subject(s)
DNA, Protozoan/urine , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/urine , DNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification , Humans , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis, associated with HIV/AIDS coinfection, is becoming a more aggressive disease, complicating an accurate prognosis. A 21-year-old HIV-positive female presenting with clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis was enrolled in this study. Bone marrow cytology, Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle culture and kDNA PCR of peripheral blood were all positive. Typing methods, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and ITS1-RFLP PCR of peripheral blood confirmed infection by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi . PCR has proved to be safer and more affordable than other characterization methods; ITS1-RFLP PCR can diagnose and type Leishmania spp. in both endemic and non-endemic areas, favoring the prognosis and allowing the appropriate treatment of patients.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , DNA, Kinetoplast/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Female , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Young AdultABSTRACT
Stroke in childhood is considered rare. It may be ischemic or hemorrhagic. Its presentation is often acute and it is a leading cause of mortality in pediatrics. The aim of our work is to present the general features of stroke of 18 patients under 15 years of age admitted to the Hospital El Cruce, between July 2009 and June 2014, and their clinical outcome a year later. We observed a predominance of male patients and the median age of 5 years. The main clinical features were hemiparesis, seizures, headache and vomiting and sensory impairment. The most frequent type was ischemic and the middle cerebral artery territory was the most commonly involved. Twelve patients had no sequelae. The signs and symptoms were guiding stroke, neuroimaging studies were essential for diagnosis and patients evolved favorably with low number of recurrence and death.
La enfermedad cerebrovascular en la infancia es poco frecuente. Su presentación es aguda y constituye una de las 10 causas de mortalidad en pediatría. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es presentar las características de la enfermedad de 18 pacientes menores de 15 años ingresados en el Hospital El Cruce entre julio de 2009 y junio de 2014, y su evolución clínica al año del evento. Observamos un predominio de sexo masculino y una mediana de edad de 5 años. La forma de presentación en orden de frecuencia fue hemiparesia, convulsiones, cefalea y vómitos, y deterioro del sensorio. La forma isquémica fue la más frecuente y el territorio más afectado fue el de la arteria cerebral media. Doce pacientes no presentaron secuelas. Los signos y síntomas fueron orientadores de enfermedad cerebrovascular; los estudios de neuroimágenes, esenciales para su diagnóstico; y los pacientes evolucionaron favorablemente con bajo número de recurrencia y fallecidos.
Subject(s)
Stroke/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
La enfermedad cerebrovascular en la infancia es poco frecuente. Su presentación es aguda y constituye una de las 10 causas de mortalidad en pediatría. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es presentar las características de la enfermedad de 18 pacientes menores de 15 años ingresados en el Hospital El Cruce entre julio de 2009 y junio de 2014, y su evolución clínica al año del evento. Observamos un predominio de sexo masculino y una mediana de edad de 5 años. La forma de presentación en orden de frecuencia fue hemiparesia, convulsiones, cefalea y vómitos, y deterioro del sensorio. La forma isquémica fue la más frecuente y el territorio más afectado fue el de la arteria cerebral media. Doce pacientes no presentaron secuelas. Los signos y síntomas fueron orientadores de enfermedad cerebrovascular; los estudios de neuroimágenes, esenciales para su diagnóstico; y los pacientes evolucionaron favorablemente con bajo número de recurrencia y fallecidos.
Stroke in childhood is considered rare. It may be ischemic or hemorrhagic. Its presentation is often acute and it is a leading cause of mortality in pediatrics. The aim of our work is to present the general features of stroke of 18 patients under 15 years of age admitted to the Hospital El Cruce, between July 2009 and June 2014, and their clinical outcome a year later. We observed a predominance of male patients and the median age of 5 years. The main clinical features were hemiparesis, seizures, headache and vomiting and sensory impairment. The most frequent type was ischemic and the middle cerebral artery territory was the most commonly involved. Twelve patients had no sequelae. The signs and symptoms were guiding stroke, neuroimaging studies were essential for diagnosis and patients evolved favorably with low number of recurrence and death.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Paresis , Seizures , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosisABSTRACT
Säo discutidos os conceitos e práticos relacionados ao diagnóstico, etiologia e tratamento da incompetência istmo-cervical. Apesar da etiologia controversa, avaliam-se fatores que poderiam se importantes para a sua prevençäo
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Incompetence/surgery , Uterine Cervical Incompetence/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Incompetence/etiologyABSTRACT
Foram realizados 13.601 partos na Maternidade do Hospital Santa Lúcia (BH) no período de janeiro de 1984 a janeiro de 1988, sendo que ocorreram 122 partos gemelares nesta época. Os autores se propöem a realizar uma análise retrospectiva destes partos com relaçäo aos seguintes parâmetros: incidência, idade gestacional ao nascer, idade e paridade maternas, tipo de apresentaçäo dos fetos, tipo de parto, peso ao anscer e índice de Apgar de 1' e 5'. Compararam-se os dados obtidos com os da literatura e fornecem-se subsídios para uma melhor assistência a ess condiçäo de alto risco
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Pregnancy, Multiple , Retrospective Studies , TwinsABSTRACT
Com o propósito de avaliar a presença de desordens menstruais na mulher que exerce atividade física intensa em diferentes programas de treinamento, bailarinas e jogadoras de vôlei foram entrevistadas. Todas as atletas treinavam em média 28 a 30 horas semanais, desde há, no mínimo, 1 ano. Foi encontrada incidência significativamente maior de amenorréia em bailarinas (26,7%) quando comparadas às jogadoras de vôlei (3,23%) (p<0,01) e à populaçäo geral. Näo houve maior incidência de distúrbios menstruais entre as jogadoras de vôlei, quando comparadas às näo-atletas. Encontrou-se importante relaçäo entre amenorréia e baixos índices de gordura corporal (p<0,05); questionado esta relaçäo, os autores enfatizam, a nível teórico, as hipóteses mais recentes para a gênese das disendocrinias das atletas
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Female , Dancing , Exercise , Menstruation Disturbances/etiology , Sports , Amenorrhea/etiologyABSTRACT
É feita uma revisäo do hirsutismo, discutidos seus conceitos fundamentais e recentes avanços terapêuticos
