ABSTRACT
Sera from volunteers who received live influenza A wild-type or ts recombinant virus were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assay, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine which assay system was the most sensitive in detecting an immunological response to infection. The ELISA was performed with inactivated whole virus antigen, and the optical density at each of five serial twofold dilutions of pre- and postimmunization sera was measured. The difference in the amount of ELISA antibody in pre- and postinoculation serum specimens was taken to be proportional to the area between the respective titration curves. The ELISA was more sensitive than the HI or NI test in detecting a seroresponse in volunteers infected with A/Hong Kong/123/77 (H1N1), A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hswine N1), or A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) ts recombinant virus. These results suggest that the ELISA should be used to determine the frequency of infection with attenuated viruses as well as the 50% human infectious dose of candidate live influenza A vaccine viruses.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/immunology , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunologySubject(s)
Antibody Formation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoenzyme Techniques , RNA Viruses/immunology , Rotavirus/immunology , Virus Diseases/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification , Complement Fixation Tests , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , MethodsABSTRACT
A new method for the measurement of rotavirus antibody is described, utilizing the system of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this method, serum is incubated with a fixed amount of rotavirus antigen, and the amount of antibody is determined by measuring the amount of unneutralized antigen. Such an assay system proved to be as efficient as the other available rotaviral antibody systems. The ELISA blocking assay also has the advantages of not requiring purified or gnotobiotic antigen and of being able to measure rotaviral antibody in all animal species.
