ABSTRACT
Since the first report in Costa Rica in 1971, bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV) has been found in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala and Brazil. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a soybean isolate of BRMV from Paraná State, Brazil, was determined. The BRMV genome consists of two polyadenylated RNAs. RNA1 is 5909 nucleotides long and encodes a single polypeptide of 1856 amino acids (aa), with an estimated molecular weight of 210 kDa. The RNA1 polyprotein contains the polypeptides for viral replication and proteolytic processing. RNA2 is 3644 nucleotides long and codes for a single polypeptide of 1097 aa, containing the movement and coat proteins. This is the first complete genome sequence of BRMV. When compared with available aa sequences of comoviruses, the highest identities of BRMV coat proteins and proteinase polymerase were 57.5 and 58 %, respectively. These were below the 75 and 80 % identity limits, respectively, established for species demarcation in the genus. This confirms that BRMV is a member of a distinct species in the genus Comovirus.
Subject(s)
Comovirus/genetics , Glycine max/virology , Brazil , Comovirus/classification , Comovirus/isolation & purification , Genome, Viral , Phylogeny , Plant Diseases/virology , RNA, Viral/genetics , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.
The molecular methods for quick and efficient detection of chicken lots infected by bacteria such as Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. and Listeria monoytogenes is basic for the effort to reduce the frequency of the transmission between chicken lots and to the consumers of poultry products. Recently, the development of techniques involving molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction, which allows the specific enlargement of segments of DNA, has been making new procedures possible for the identification of the abovementioned bacteria, reducing the time necessary for the tests and enhancing the reliability of the resulting diagnoses. The use of molecular biology in laboratories for human and animal diagnosis, as well as in quality control programs for foods and products of animal origin is already a reality and has tended to expand quickly. The objective of this article is to present a brief review of the conventional diagnostic and molecular tests for the identification of Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, molecular diagnosis is a field undergoing scientific and technological advancement, in which new molecular techniques are under development for the diagnosis of bacteria in foods.
Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/diagnosis , Campylobacter Infections/diagnosis , Listeriosis/diagnosis , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Microbiological Techniques/methods , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The molecular methods for quick and efficient detection of chicken lots infected by bacteria such as Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. and Listeria monoytogenes is basic for the effort to reduce the frequency of the transmission between chicken lots and to the consumers of poultry products. Recently, the development of techniques involving molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction, which allows the specific enlargement of segments of DNA, has been making new procedures possible for the identification of the abovementioned bacteria, reducing the time necessary for the tests and enhancing the reliability of the resulting diagnoses. The use of molecular biology in laboratories for human and animal diagnosis, as well as in quality control programs for foods and products of animal origin is already a reality and has tended to expand quickly. The objective of this article is to present a brief review of the conventional diagnostic and molecular tests for the identification of Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, molecular diagnosis is a field undergoing scientific and technological advancement, in which new molecular techniques are under development for the diagnosis of bacteria in foods.
RESUMO Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Viruses associated with sugarcane mosaic are disseminated in all sugarcane producing areas, and also may infect maize, sorghum and other gramineous plants. The objective of this study was to determine some properties of two virus isolates causing mosaic in the sugarcane clone RB925268 and RB945950, from the state of Paraná, compared to those of isolates from sugarcane varieties RB72454 and SP86-155 from the state of São Paulo. Brazil. The symptom severity and the time of their appearance differed for each isolate in the inoculated plants. RT-PCR reactions with SCMV specific primers allowed for the amplification of 900-bp fragments of the virus coat protein open reading frame (ORF). The restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern (RFLP) obtained with HinfI treatment of the RT-PCR products revealed nucleotide sequence variations indicating there could be different SCMV strains among these isolates.
RESUMO Os vírus causadores do mosaico da cana-de-açúcar encontram-se disseminados em todas as regiões canavieiras do mundo, podendo infectar culturas de milho, sorgo e outras gramíneas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades de isolados paranaenses dos clones de cana-de-açúcar RB925268 e RB945950, e compará-los com isolados das variedades RB72454 e SP86155 do Estado de São Paulo. Foram observadas variações na severidade, e no tempo necessário para a manifestação dos sintomas nas plantas inoculadas com cada isolado. Através da reação de RT-PCR com oligonucleotídeos para o SCMV, obteve-se a amplificação de fragmentos com aproximadamente 900 pb da ORF codificadora da protéica capsidial. O padrão de RFLP resultante do tratamento dos produtos de RT-PCR com a enzima HinfI revelou variações na seqüência de nucleotídeos, indicando que possam existir diferentes estirpes do SCMV entre os isolados.