Effect of resveratrol on expression of genes involved thermogenesis in mice and humans.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on FNDC5 and thermogenesis markers expression in the adipose tissue of mice and humans. Thirty-two male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8) and fed with: Standard Diet; Standard Diet + Resveratrol (400 mg/kg); High-fat Diet; High-fat Diet + Resveratrol for eight weeks. Twenty male and female volunteers, aged 30-55 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² were divided into two groups and treated for four weeks with 500 mg trans-resveratrol or placebo, adipose tissue biopsies were taken. Analysis of body weight, food intake, glycemic and lipid profiles, mRNA expression from tissues and primary culture of adipocytes were performed. The main results show that resveratrol improves the glycaemic and lipid profiles along with an increase in the levels of UCP1, PRDM16, PGC1α, and SIRT1. The increase in FNDC5 expression was observed in the mouse and human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The SIRT1 antagonist in adipocyte primary culture resulted in decreased FNDC5 expression. Our data suggest that improved metabolism produced by oral administration of resveratrol is, at least in part, associated with increased thermogenesis followed by high expression of UCP1, PRDM16, PGC1α and that increased FNDC5 expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from mice and human might be modulated by SIRT1.

Obesity and malnutrition similarly alter the renin-angiotensin system and inflammation in mice and human adipose.

The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic profile, inflammatory markers and the gene expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the visceral adipose tissue of eutrophic, obese and malnourished individuals and mice models of obesity and food restriction. Male Swiss mice were divided into eight groups and fed different levels of food restriction (20%, 40%, or 60%) using standard or high-fat diet. Metabolic profile and adipose tissues were assessed. The expression of AGT (Angiotensinogen), ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the mice epididymal adipose tissue and the human visceral adipose tissue was assessed. The main findings showed reduced body weight, improved metabolism, decreased adipose tissues weight and reduced adipocyte area in mice submitted to food restriction. Diminished expression of IL-6, TNF-α, AGT, AT1 and ACE was detected in the 20% and 40% food restriction animal groups, although they were increased in the 60% malnourished group. Increased expression of IL-6, TNF-α, AGT and ACE in obese and malnourished individuals was observed. Adipocytes size was increased in obese individuals and reduced in malnutrition. In conclusion, we found that food restriction of 20% and 40% improved the metabolic profile, ameliorated the inflammatory status and down-regulated the RAS in mice. Severe 60% food restriction (malnutrition), however, stimulated a proinflammatory state and increased AGT and ACE expression in the adipose tissue of mice. A similar profile was observed in the adipose tissue of obese and malnourished humans, supporting the critical role of inflammation and RAS as mediators of metabolic disorders.

Nutritional Status Associated to Skipping Breakfast in Brazilian Health Service Patients.

Recent studies show that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, this study evaluated 400 patients from the Brazilian health service who had their nutritional status defined based on the body mass index and were classified as physically active or insufficient active. The energy intake and macronutrients was also assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall where the association of overweight/obesity with the investigated variables was evaluated using chi-square, Student's t test and multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The main results showed that more than half of the studied population have the habit of omitting breakfast (55.8%), and among those, 81.2% were overweight/obese (p < 0.0001). Almost three-fourths of these individuals consumed no more than 4 meals a day (73.0%), and regarding this meal frequency/day, 78.8% of the individuals who reported having 4 meals or less a day were overweight/obese compared with 57.8% who reported as having 5-6 meals/day (p < 0.0001). The individuals who reported to omit breakfast had a higher chance of being overweight compared with those who had this habit (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.40-3.60) and the chance of the physically insufficient active individuals to be overweight/obese was 2.9 times higher when compared to the active individuals (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that regular breakfast consumption may decrease overweight and obesity risk.

Effects of omentectomy in addition to sleeve gastrectomy on the metabolic and inflammatory profiles of obese rats.

BACKGROUND: Visceral obesity has been considered a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In an attempt to reduce the visceral adipose tissue, omentectomy has been proposed to be performed along with bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether omentectomy associated with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is beneficial to the inflammatory and metabolic profile of rats fed a standard diet (STD) or high-fat diet (HFD). SETTING: University hospital, Brazil. METHODS: For this experiment, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: sham surgery (STD+L or HFD+L), SG alone (STD+SG or HFD+SG), or SG with omentectomy (STD+SGO or HFD+SGO). Anthropometric data and metabolic profiles were evaluated, and the tissue expression of inflammatory markers in the visceral adipose tissue was measured. RESULTS: In rats with diet-induced obesity treated with SG with or without omentectomy, there was a reduction in weight (HFD+SG: P<.01 and HFD+SGO: P<.05), adiposity (HFD+SG: P<.001 and HFD+SGO: P<.05), plasma levels of glucose (HFD+SG: P<.01 and HFD+SGO: P<.01), plasma levels of C-peptide (HFD+SG: P<.01 and HFD+SGO: P<.001), plasma levels of insulin (HFD+SG: P<.05 and HFD+SGO: P<.001), plasma levels of total cholesterol (HFD+SG: P<.01 and HFD+SGO: P<.01), and tissue expression of TNF-α (HFD+SG: P<.001 and HFD+SGO: P<.01), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in which omentectomy was performed or was not. CONCLUSION: In this study, we did not observe additional beneficial effects due to omentectomy associated with SG in the metabolic profile and tissue expression of inflammatory markers.

Impactação de prótese dentária em esôfago cervical: diagnóstico e tratamento / Giant colonic diverticulum, a rare disease with atypical localization

Corpo estranho esofágico é uma condição frequente que acomete todas as faixas etárias, predominando em crianças e idosos. O diagnóstico deve ser precoce, uma vez que o prognóstico é influenciado pelo tempo de permanência do corpo estranho no esôfago. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente admitido com quadro de insuficiência respiratória, apresentando corpo estranho impactado em esôfago cervical, de difícil diagnóstico. Foram realizados exames laboratoriais e radiografias de tórax que não apresentaram alterações significativas. A EDA (Endoscopia Digestiva Alta) evidenciou estenose cerrada no nível do esôfago proximal, e a videonasofibrobroncoscopia visualizou tumoração vegetante em região de hipofaringe. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio e região cervical demonstrou imagem de corpo estranho em esôfago proximal, sugestiva de prótese dentária. A retirada da prótese foi realizada por laringoscopia direta, entretanto, o paciente evoluiu com complicações e óbito.

Esophageal foreign body is a common condition that affects all age groups, mainly in children and in the elderly. The diagnosis must be early, since the prognosis is influenced by the length of foreign body in the esophagus. The authors report the case of a patient admitted with respiratory insufficiency presenting a foreign body impacted in the cervical esophagus, difficult to diagnose. It was conducted laboratory tests and chest X-rays that showed no significant changes. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (upper endoscopy) revealed tight stenosis at the level of the proximal esophagus and the Videonasofibrobronchoscopy visualized a vegetating tumor in thehypopharynx. Computed tomography of the skull and neck showed an image of a foreign body in proximal esophagus, suggestive dental prosthesis. The removal of the prosthesis was performed by direct laryngoscopy, however, the patient evolved with complications and death.

Apendicectomia indolor, sem anestesia, por apendicite ocorrida em orifício de dreno tubular abdominal: relato de caso / Painless appendicectomy without anesthesia in appendicitis occurred into the interior of un abdominal tubular drainage: case report

A apendicite aguda é comum na população em geral. além da obstrução mecânica, da dieta pobre em fibras e da susceptibilidade familiar, a inserção acidental com aprisionamento do apêndice vermiforme no interior de dreno tubular abdominal também pode originar a doença...

The acute appendicitis is commom in general population. Besides the mechanical obstruction, poor fiber diet and family susceptibility, the accidental insertion, with imprisonment concurrent to the removal in the interior of a tubular abdominal drain