Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: an effective approach for predicting broiler chicken body composition.

Two trials were carried out to develop and validate linear regression equations for body composition prediction using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). In Trial 1, 300 Cobb500 male chickens raised from 1 to 42 d of age were scanned in DEXA to estimate total weight, fat mass, soft lean tissue (SLT) mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and fat percentage. DEXA estimates were compared to body ash, crude fat, SLT (sum of protein and water) and scale body weight. The dataset was split, with 70% used for prediction equations development and 30% for testing, and the 5k-fold cross-validation analysis was used to optimize the equations. The R2, mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) were used as precision and accuracy indicators. A negative correlation (ρ = -0.27) was observed for ash content, while no correlation was observed for protein content (P > 0.05). Predictive linear equations were developed to assess broiler weight (R2 = 0.999, MAE = 25.12, RMSE = 38.99), fat mass (R2 = 0.981, MAE = 13.87, RMSE = 21.28), ash mass (R2 = 0.956, MAE = 3.98, RMSE = 5.61), SLT mass (R2 = 0.997, MAE = 35.73, RMSE = 52.45), water mass (R2 = 0.997, MAE = 29.56, RMSE = 43.94), protein mass (R2 = 0.989, MAE = 12.94, RMSE = 19.05), fat content (R2 = 0.855, MAE = 0.81, RMSE = 1.05), SLT content (R2 = 0.658, MAE = 1.01, RMSE = 1.28), and water content (R2 = 0.678, MAE = 0.99, RMSE = 1.27). All equations passed the test. In Trial 2, 395 Cobb500 male chickens were raised from 1 to 42 d of age and used for validation of prediction equations. The equations developed for weight, fat mass, ash mass, SLT mass, water mass, and protein mass were validated. In conclusion, DEXA was found to be an effective approach for measuring the body composition of broilers when using predictive equations validated in this study for estimate calibration.

Assessment of digestible lysine requirements in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs.

To evaluate the effect of an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the digestible lysine (Lys) requirement for growing pigs, a nitrogen (N) balance assay was performed. Seventy-two castrated male pigs (19 ± 1.49 kg body weight [BW]) were allocated in a 2 × 6 factorial design composed of two immune activation states (control and LPS-challenged) and six dietary treatments with N levels of 0.94, 1.69, 2.09, 3.04, 3.23, and 3.97% N, as fed, where Lys was limiting, with six replicates and one pig per unit. The challenge consisted of an initial LPS dose of 30 µg/kg BW via intramuscular (IM) injection and a subsequent dose of 33.6 µg/kg BW after 48 h. The experimental period lasted 11 d and was composed of a 7-d adaptation and a subsequent 4-d sampling period in which N intake (NI), N excretion (NEX), and N deposition (ND) were evaluated. Inflammatory mediators and rectal temperature were assessed during the 4-d collection period. A three-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge × time, P < 0.05) for IgG was observed. Additionally, two-way interactions (challenge × time, P < 0.05) were verified for IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, total protein, and rectal temperature; and (N levels × time, P < 0.05) for transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, total protein, and rectal temperature. LPS-challenged pigs showed lower (P < 0.05) feed intake. A two-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge, P < 0.05) was observed for NI, NEX, and ND, with a clear dose-response (P < 0.05). LPS-challenged pigs showed lower NI and ND at 2.09% N and 1.69 to 3.97% N (P < 0.05), respectively, and higher NEX at 3.23% N (P < 0.05). The parameters obtained by a nonlinear model (N maintenance requirement, NMR and theoretical maximum N deposition, NDmaxT) were 152.9 and 197.1 mg/BWkg0.75/d for NMR, and 3,524.7 and 2,077.8 mg/BWkg0.75/d for NDmaxT, for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The estimated digestible Lys requirements were 1,994.83 and 949.16 mg/BWkg0.75/d for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The daily digestible Lys intakes required to achieve 0.68 and 0.54 times the NRmaxT value were 18.12 and 8.62 g/d, respectively, and the optimal dietary digestible Lys concentration may change depending on the feed intake levels. Based on the derived model parameters obtained in the N balance trial with lower cost and time, it was possible to differentiate the digestible Lys requirement for swine under challenging conditions.

Acesso à assistência ao parto hospitalar de risco habitual: uma revisão integrativa / ACCESS TO CARE HOSPITAL PARTURITION OF USUAL RISK: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura acerca do acessoaos serviços obstétricos no parturitivo de risco habitual. Método: trata-se de uma revisãointegrativa de literatura que buscou artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2016. As bases de dadosforam Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in HealthSciences, além da Biblioteca Virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online, sendo utilizada, nosartigos selecionados, a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: selecionou-se 17artigos, que apontaram uma assistência obstétrica desarticulada com disparidades no acesso queatingem, principalmente, mulheres jovens, negras, de condição socioeconômica desfavorável ecom baixa escolaridade. Conclusão: há necessidade de uma assistência ampliada e em redeminimizar as dificuldades encontradas por gestantes e garantir a completude de seu acesso aosserviços obstétricos de qualidade nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde da mulher.

Aim: to evaluate the available evidences in the literature about the processesinvolved in access to obstetric services in the parturition process of usual risk. Method: it is anintegrative review of literature that sought articles published between 2011 and 2016. Thedatabases were Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literaturein Health Sciences, in addition to the Virtual Library Scientific Electronic Library Online, using, in the selected articles, the thematic content analysis. Results: seventeen articles wereselected. Such articles presented an obstetric care that is still disjointed, with disparities inaccess that affect mainly young, black, women, with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions andwith low schooling. Conclusion: there is a need for expanded and networked assistance tominimize the difficulties encountered by pregnant women to ensure the completion of theiraccess to quality obstetrical services at the various levels of women's health care.

Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura científica sobre losprocesos implicados en el acceso a los servicios obstétricos en el proceso parturitivo deriesgo habitual. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora de literatura que fue basada enartículos publicados entre 2011 y 2016. Las bases de datos fueron Web of Science, SCOPUS,PubMed, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, además de laBiblioteca Virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online, utilizando el análisis de contenido, demodalidad temática, para analizar los artículos seleccionados. Resultados: fueronseleccionados 17 artículos, que evidenciaron una asistencia obstétrica desarticulada condiscrepancias en el acceso, las cuales afectan principalmente las mujeres jóvenes, negras,con condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables y con baja escolaridad. Conclusión: hay lanecesidad de la ampliación de la asistencia en red para reducir al mínimo las dificultadesencontradas por gestantes para garantizar su acceso completo a servicios obstétricos decalidad en los diversos niveles de la atención a la salud de la mujer.

A assistência obstétrica ao parto e nascimento na percepção das mulheres / The obstetric care on delivery and childbirth through women's perception

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre a percepção das mulheres a respeito da assistência do processoparturitivo. Método: revisão integrativa com busca de artigos publicados a partir de 2010, em Inglês, Espanhole Português nas Bases de Dados Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, PsycINFO e bibliotecaScieLO. A análise dos dados deu-se por análise textual e, posteriormente, pela Análise de Conteúdo namodalidade Análise Temática. Resultados: a amostra final constitui-se de 20 artigos. Houve predomínio naabordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo-exploratória (90%). Foram identificados o acolhimento no serviço; ovínculo com as mulheres; e a utilização de tecnologias no parto e nascimento. Conclusão: a síntese dosestudos analisados evidenciou predominância na satisfação das mulheres em relação à assistência obstétricacomprovando notável progresso na qualificação da assistência ao parto e nascimento.

Presença do acompanhante de livre escolha no processo parturitivo: repercussões na assistência obstétrica* / Presence of a companion of the woman's choice in the process of parturition: repercussions on obstetric care / Presencia del acompañante de elección libre en proceso de parto: repercusiones en la asistencia obstétrica

Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência da presença do acompanhante escolhido pela mulher nas fases do processo parturitivo e analisar as associações da presença do acompanhante na assistência obstétrica. Pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva de análise documental do banco de dados de um estudo primário, em três maternidades públicas do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, executado em 2014. O Teste de Associação de Qui- quadrado (α = 0,05) foi utilizado tendo o Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows como ferramenta. As variáveis manobra de Kristeller, infusão de ocitocina, realização de massagens, técnicas de respiração, oferta de banhos, restrição de movimentação, orientação aos procedimentos realizados, sensação de abandono, isolamento e desrespeito, apresentaram associação significativa com a presença do acompanhante durante esse processo, mostrando- se como fator que influencia no empoderamento feminino, proporciona maior segurança e conforto, reduzindo o abandono e o isolamento. Diante dos seus inúmeros benefícios, a iniciativa deve ser amplamente divulgada e incentivada (AU).

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the presence of a companion of the woman's choice in the process of parturition and analyze the associations of the presence of a companion in obstetric care. Quantitative, retrospective and documentary study of a database of a primary study in three public maternity hospitals in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, conducted in 2014. Chi-square test of association ( α = 0.05) using SSPS for Windows was performed.The variables Kristeller maneuver, oxytocin infusion, massage, breathing techniques, bathing, restriction of movement, guidance on the procedures performed, feeling of abandonment, isolation and disrespect showed a significant association with the presence of a companion during this process. This indicates that the presence of a companion influences female empowerment, provides greater security and comfort, reducing abandonment and isolation. In view of its many benefits, the initiative should be widely disseminated and encouraged (AU).

Fue objetivo del estudio identificar la prevalencia de la presencia del acompañante escogido por la mujer en las fases del proceso de parto, así como analizar las asociaciones de la presencia del acompañante en la asistencia obstétrica. Investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva de análisis documental de banco de datos de un estudio primario, en tres maternidades públicas del municipio de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, hecho en 2014. Se utilizó la Prueba de Asociación de Chi-cuadrado (α = 0,05) y el Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows como como herramienta. Las variables maniobra de Kristeller, infusión de ocitocina, realización de masajes, técnicas de respiración, oferta de baños, restricción de movimentación, orientación a los procedimientos realizados,sensación de abandono, aislamiento y falta de respeto presentaron asociación significativa con la presencia del acompañante durante ese proceso, siendo éste un factor que influencía en el empoderamiento femenino, proporcionando más seguridad y bienestar, reduciendo el abandono y el aislamiento. Delante des sus innúmeros beneficios, la iniciativa debe ser largamente divulgada e incentivada (AU).