ABSTRACT
This paper describes a simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of PGT/1A (3-L-pyroglutamyl-L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid), a new immunostimulating drug, in plasma and urine. The column was packed with LiChrospher-NH2 (5 microns), the mobile phase was 0.02 M monobasic potassium phosphate (pH 3.2 with concentrated phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (25:75, v/v), the flow-rate was 1.2 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 210 nm and the apparatus was a Varian Model 5000. Plasma (1 ml) was added to 1.2 ml of acetonitrile and the supernatant injected; the urine was diluted 1:5. The retention time of PGT/1A was 9.4 min in plasma and 9.9 min in urine. The method was validated for recovery, accuracy and reproducibility. The results after intravenous injection in twelve volunteers are also given.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Potassium Compounds , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Thiazoles/blood , Acetonitriles/administration & dosage , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Adjuvants, Immunologic/urine , Adult , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Potassium/administration & dosage , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/administration & dosage , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/blood , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/urine , Thiazoles/administration & dosage , Thiazoles/urine , ThiazolidinesSubject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/pharmacology , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Bacterial Infections/immunology , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Immunosuppression Therapy , Lymphocytes/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/analogs & derivatives , ThiazolidinesSubject(s)
Benzamides/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/analogs & derivatives , Stomach/drug effects , Animals , Catalepsy/chemically induced , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Agents/chemical synthesis , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Mice , Prolactin/blood , RatsABSTRACT
Sixteen subjects, mean age 59 +/- 18, 11 normal and 5 with coronary artery disease, all having premature ventricular and/or atrial beats in the standard resting electrocardiogram (ECG), were studied to analyse the chronobiologic parameters of these arrhythmias. Single cosinor analysis of the data obtained by 96-hour ECG performed according to the Holter system, demonstrated: A) significant circadian rhythm in heart rate for all the subjects, with acrophases occurring between 12.56 and 17.36; B) significant circadian rhythms of premature ventricular beats for the majority of the subjects, with acrophases distributed along the 24 hours; C) significant circadian rhythms in premature atrial beats for 8 subjects, with acrophases occurring between 04.24 and 18.12; D) a spectrum of significant ultradian rhythms in heart rate with various periodicities, both in normal and in coronary patients; E) significant ultradian rhythms in premature ventricular beats for 8 subjects with periods ranging from 5h 15' to 17h. Population mean cosinor analysis demonstrated: A) significant circadian group rhythm in heart rate for all the 16 subjects and for the group of 11 normal subjects; B) no significant circadian group rhythm for premature ventricular and atrial beats. These findings suggest that the study of the individual chronobiologic pattern of premature beats may help to optimize antiarrhythmic therapy.
