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1.
Med. paliat ; 30(2): 87-94, abr.-jun. 2023. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-226346

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer el uso de opioides en el paciente con enfermedad crónica avanzada en los últimos días de vida. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico, descriptivo y analítico. Se recogieron datos de los servicios de Geriatría del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Medicina Interna del Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Unidad de Hospital a Domicilio del Hospital Marina Baixa de la Vila Joiosa y del Hospital Centro de Cuidados Laguna. Se incluyeron en el estudio los pacientes ingresados con enfermedad avanzada no oncológica fallecidos entre el 1 de marzo de 2019 y el 29 de febrero de 2020. Se estudiaron distintas variables: edad, sexo, enfermedad principal, motivo de ingreso, valoración por cuidados paliativos, uso previo de opioides, uso de opioides en situación de últimos días, opioide, dosis, vías de administración e indicación. Resultados: En el estudio se incluyeron 261 pacientes, 143 (55 %) mujeres y 118 (45 %) hombres, con una edad media de 84 años. La enfermedad principal más frecuente fue la demencia, seguido de insuficiencia cardiaca y patología respiratoria. El motivo de ingreso más frecuente fue deterioro debido a la enfermedad de base seguido de infección respiratoria y sepsis. En la situación de últimos días, la mayoría de los pacientes tenían pauta de opioide basal (94 % morfina) y de rescate (98 % morfina). La vía de administración más utilizada fue la subcutánea (98 %) y la indicación más frecuente fue la disnea (42 %). La mediana de dosis equivalente de morfina oral diaria por enfermedad principal y por motivo de ingreso fue de 30 mg/día. Conclusiones: El uso de opioides en las enfermedades crónicas avanzadas en situación de últimos días está ampliamente extendido. La morfina es el opioide más usado, independientemente de la enfermedad. La vía de administración más utilizada es la subcutánea. No encontramos diferencias entre pacientes con diferentes patologías. (AU)


Objective: To determine the use of opioids in patients with advanced chronic disease in the last days of life. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, descriptive, analytical study. Data were collected from the Geriatrics Department of Hospital La Paz, Internal Medicine Department of Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Hospital at Home Unit of Hospital Marina Baixa in0 La Vila Joiosa, and Hospital Centro de Cuidados Laguna. The study included patients with advanced non-oncological disease who died between 1 March 2019 and 29 February 2020. Different variables were studied: age, sex, main disease, reason for admission, palliative care assessment, previous opioid use, opioid use in last days, opioid, dose, routes of administration, and indication. Results: The study included 261 patients, 143 (55 %) women and 118 (45 %) men, with a mean age of 84 years. The most frequent main disease was dementia, followed by heart failure and respiratory pathology. The most frequent reason for admission was deterioration due to the underlying disease followed by respiratory infection and sepsis. In the last-day situation, most patients had a baseline (94 % morphine) and rescue (98 % morphine) opioid regimen. The most common route of administration was subcutaneous (98 %) and the most common indication was dyspnea (42 %). The median daily oral morphine equivalent dose per main disease and reason for admission was 30 mg/day. Conclusions: The use of opioids in advanced chronic illness in the last days situation is widespread. Morphine is the most commonly used opioid regardless of disease. The most used route of administration is subcutaneous. We found no differences between patients with different pathologies. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease/drug therapy , Hospice Care , Retrospective Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 May 11.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33973566

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Nursing homes have suffered in a particularly pronounced way from the effects of COVID-19 so it is very convenient to know the evolution in them of the disease and the impact of SARS-CoV2 vaccination The objective of this study was to analyze COVID-19 pandemic evolution from the start of the second wave to the end of the vaccination campaign at the nursing homes. A coordination program between Primary Care and Geriatrics and Public Health services was activated. METHODS: 2,668 seniors were followed at 39 nursing homes. Data from new cases, active cases, mortality and place of treatment of COVID-19 were collected. A descriptive analysis was performed with the measurement of the absolute number of positive SARS-CoV-2 cases and the frequency distribution. RESULTS: Between August 7th 2020 and February 26th 2021, 30 outbreaks occurred at 21 nursing homes. 300 people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (11% of total residents). The daily average of active cases was 27,166 were hospitalized (55%). 66 patients died (22% of those infected), 54 of them (78%) at the hospital. 1,984 PCR tests were performed. The temporary profile of new cases did not follow a distribution "in waves" as in the community. Thirty-seven days after the start of the second dose of vaccination, there were no active cases until March 1st, when new cases were under study for possible vaccine leakage. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of COVID-19 at nursing homes after the first wave of the pandemic has apparently been lower. The transmission in these centers has followed a different distribution than at community. Mass vaccination has achieved the practical disappearance of the disease.


OBJETIVO: Los centros residenciales han sufrido de una manera especialmente acusada los efectos de la COVID-19 por lo que es muy conveniente conocer la evolución en ellos de la enfermedad y el impacto de la vacunación frente al SARS-CoV2. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evolución de la pandemia de COVID-19 desde el comienzo de la segunda ola hasta el final del proceso de vacunación en las residencias de personas mayores de un área sanitaria, en la cual se activó un programa de coordinación entre Atención Primaria y los servicios de Geriatría y Salud Publica. METODOS: Se siguió a 2.668 personas mayores en 39 residencias. Se recogieron datos de casos nuevos, activos, fallecidos y lugar de tratamiento de la COVID-19. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con la medición del número absoluto de casos positivo de SARS-CoV-2 y la distribución de frecuencias. RESULTADOS: Entre el 7 de agosto de 2020 y el 26 de febrero de 2021 se produjeron 30 brotes en 21 residencias. Se detectaron 300 casos positivos de SARS-CoV-2 (11% de los residentes totales). La media diaria de casos activos fue 27. Fueron hospitalizados 166 (55%). Fallecieron 66 pacientes (22% de los infectados), 54 de ellos (78%) en el hospital. Se realizaron 1.984 test PCR. El perfil temporal de aparición de casos nuevos no siguió una distribución "en olas" como en la comunidad. Treinta y siete días después del inicio de la segunda dosis de vacunación, no existieron casos activos hasta el 1 de marzo en que aparecieron nuevos casos en estudio por posible escape vacunal. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de la COVID-19 en las residencias de personas mayores tras la primera ola de la pandemia es aparentemente inferior. La transmisión en estos centros sigue una distribución diferente a la de la comunidad. El efecto de la vacunación masiva consigue la práctica desaparición de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19/epidemiology , Geriatrics/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Pandemics/prevention & control , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Public Health/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/transmission , Follow-Up Studies , Geriatrics/methods , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Humans , Incidence , Intersectoral Collaboration , Male , Primary Health Care/methods , Spain/epidemiology
3.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 56(3): 157-165, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33642134

ABSTRACT

Older people living in nursing homes fulfil the criteria to be considered as geriatric patients, but they often do not have met their health care needs. Current deficits appeared as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. The need to improve the coordination between hospitals and nursing homes emerged, and in Madrid it materialized with the implantation of Liaison Geriatrics teams or units at public hospitals. The Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología has defined the role of the geriatricians in the COVID-19 pandemic and they have given guidelines about prevention, early detection, isolation and sectorization, training, care homes classification, patient referral coordination, and the role of the different care settings, among others. These units and teams also must undertake other care activities that have a shortfall currently, like nursing homes-hospital coordination, geriatricians visits to the homes, telemedicine sessions, geriatric assessment in emergency rooms, and primary care and public health services coordination. This paper describes the concept of Liaison Geriatrics and its implementation at the Autonomous Community of Madrid hospitals as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. Activity data from a unit at a hospital with a huge number of nursing homes in its catchment area are reported. The objective is to understand the need of this activity in order to avoid the current fragmentation of care between hospitals and nursing homes. This activity should be consolidated in the future.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Geriatrics/organization & administration , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Pandemics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/prevention & control , Emergency Service, Hospital/legislation & jurisprudence , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Geriatric Assessment , Geriatricians/organization & administration , Geriatricians/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration , Homes for the Aged/classification , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Humans , Nursing Homes/classification , Pandemics/prevention & control , Patient Isolation , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Public Health Administration , Referral and Consultation/organization & administration , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Telemedicine/organization & administration
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