Geographic barriers to child health services in rural northern New England: 1980 to 1989.

Despite substantial recent increases in the number of rural physicians, it is unknown whether rural children still face significant barriers to medical care. To address this question, we determined travel times in 1980 and in 1989 to child health services for the rural pediatric population of northern New England--the area with the highest per-capita primary care physician supply of any non-metropolitan region in the United States. The study population in 1989 included 363,443 children living in 936 nonmetropolitan towns. The study revealed important spatial relationships in health service supply and demand not identified using other methods of assessing physician availability. Although travel times to physicians decreased slightly during the decade, we found that 15.5 percent of the children in our population were more than 30 minutes from pediatricians in 1989, and travel time to emergency rooms was more than 30 minutes for 9.9 percent of the children. In contrast, only 1.8 percent of children faced excessive travel times to family/general practitioners. While towns with pediatricians were likely to also have a family physician or an emergency room, the majority of towns with family physicians had neither a pediatrician nor an emergency room. Towns with poor geographic access to pediatricians and emergency rooms had low population densities and were distant from metropolitan areas. The analysis indicates that even in rural areas of high physician supply, access to pediatricians and emergency rooms for many children remains limited, and family physicians are the dominant medical providers for children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Migration and labour supply in New England.

The author links changes in regional employment with demographic changes in New England during the relative economic boom that occurred in the region during the 1980s. It is noted that during this period, "New England had a very slow rate of natural population growth. The relatively high rate of growth in jobs coupled with the relatively stable population has produced labour shortages in parts of the region. It is demonstrated that the labour supply has become dependent on migrants from other regions. If the economic expansion continues, the region must significantly increase its net migration gains. If immigration to the region remains sluggish, the revival will be short-lived." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 54, No. 3, Fall 1988, p. 428).