ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop a total or composite score for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery. METHOD: CERAD total scores were obtained by summing scores from the individual CERAD subtests (excluding the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) into a total composite (maximum score = 100). The method of tabulating the total score was constructed using normal controls (NCs; n = 424) and patients with AD (n = 835) from the CERAD registry database. The utility of the total score was further tested in independent samples of mild AD (n = 95), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 60), and NC (n = 95) subjects. RESULTS: The CERAD total score was highly accurate in differentiating NC and AD subjects in the CERAD registry. Age, gender, and education effects were observed, and demographic correction scores were derived through multiple regression analysis. Demographically corrected CERAD total scores showed excellent test-retest reliability across samples (r = 0.95) and were highly correlated with the MMSE (r = 0.89) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (r = -0.83) in mixed AD and NC samples and with the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale in an AD sample (r = -0.40). The CERAD total score was highly accurate in differentiating independent samples of NC, MCI, and AD subjects. CONCLUSION: Results provide support for the validity of a Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) total score that can be used along with the normative data to provide an index of overall level of cognitive functioning from the CERAD neuropsychological battery.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Age Factors , Aged , Cognition/physiology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Clinical observation of performance on the Logical Memory (LM) and Visual Reproduction (VR) subtests from the WMS-III has revealed some variability in retention rates across stories and figures. This paper examined the degree to which this variability occurs in lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in comparison to a matched group from the WMS-III standardization sample, and explored whether analysis of qualitative aspects of LM and VR performance yield additional lateralizing information in TLE. Analysis of LM and VR scaled scores revealed differences between the TLE groups for LM, but not VR scores. All subjects benefited from repetition of LM Story B, with greater improvement in story retention in the Left versus Right TLE group. Variability in VR recall across figures was seen in all groups, with a bimodal distribution of retention rates for each figure and a sizable percentage of each group completely forgetting two or more figures. These results suggest that more careful analysis of individual LM story performance may be useful in some patients with TLE, whereas variability in VR retention across figures is common and should not be over interpreted.
