ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, underlying cause, and outcome in cats with seizures. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 17 cats with seizures. PROCEDURE: Only those cats in which an underlying metabolic abnormality causing the seizures had been identified, diagnostic imaging of the brain and CSF analysis had been done, or a necropsy had been performed were included. Seizures were classified as being a result of metabolic disease, symptomatic epilepsy (ie, epilepsy resulting from a structural lesion of the brain), or probably symptomatic epilepsy (ie, epilepsy without any extracranial or identifiable intracranial disease that is not suspected to be genetic in origin). RESULTS: 3 cats had seizures associated with an underlying metabolic disease (hepatic encephalopathy), 7 had symptomatic epilepsy (3 with neoplasia and 4 with meningoencephalitis), and 7 had probably symptomatic epilepsy. Six of the 7 cats with symptomatic epilepsy died or were euthanatized within 3 months after the diagnosis was made, whereas 6 of the 7 cats with probably symptomatic epilepsy survived for at least 12 months after the diagnosis was made. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that cats with probably symptomatic epilepsy may have a good long-term prognosis.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/etiology , Seizures/veterinary , Animals , Brain/pathology , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cat Diseases/therapy , Cats , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/veterinary , Female , Hepatic Encephalopathy/complications , Hepatic Encephalopathy/veterinary , Male , Meningoencephalitis/complications , Meningoencephalitis/veterinary , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/veterinary , Neurologic Examination/veterinary , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/etiology , Seizures/pathology , Seizures/therapy , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
A 6-month-old, female, mixed-breed dog presented for acute, progressive, flaccid paraplegia and bilateral pelvic-limb hyperesthesia. A lymphocytic pleocytosis with 366 mg/dL protein was found on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) evaluation. Electromyography (EMG) demonstrated positive sharp waves and fibrillations in the left pelvic limb; the M wave of the left sciatic nerve was not obtainable by nerve stimulation. Seizures and dementia began during recovery from anesthesia. Six days after onset of paralysis, the dog was euthanized. Direct fluorescent antibody testing of the brain was positive for raccoon rabies virus. This case demonstrates clinical evaluation, CSF analysis, and EMG in an animal with rabies meningoencephalomyelitis.
