ABSTRACT
Streptococcus dysgalactiae has two main subspecies: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilus (SDSE) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD). The vast majority of human infections belonging to Streptococcus dysgalactiae have been associated with SDSE. There are only three cases of SDSD found in humans in literature. We present a case of SDSD cellulitis and bacteremia in a 49-year-old female patient from Houston, Texas with no major exposure to animals or trauma.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known carcinogen with considerable genetic heterogeneity: six different genotypes have been identified. HCV genotype distribution varies from country to country. In the United States, the most prevalent genotypes are 1a, and 1b followed by genotypes 2, and 3. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the distribution of HCV genotypes differed by cancer status among patients in the same area. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed epidemiologic and virological data of 636 patients with HCV infection evaluated at 3 institutions in Houston, Texas, in 2008 and 2009. RESULTS: We included 129 cancer patients (53 with hematologic malignancies and 76 with solid tumors), 333 immunocompetent patients, and 102 HIV-co-infected patients. The prevalence of genotype 1 (G-1) was 66% among cancer patients, 84% among immunocompetents (P=0.00004), and 99% among HIV-co-infected patients (P<0.00001). G-2 and G-3 were more common in cancer patients than other patients. Demographics, risk factors, and duration of HCV infection were similar between cancer and immunocompetent patients. G-1 was more prevalent in immunocompetents (84%) than in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (74%, P=0.08) or lymphoma (59%, P=0.001). G-2 was more prevalent in lymphoma patients (24%) than in immunocompetents (8%, P=0.003); cancer risk was 3 times as great with G-2 as with other genotypes (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.38-9.76). CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter retrospective study provides evidence of differences in HCV genotype distribution by underlying disease among geographically related patients and suggests a possible greater carcinogenic potential of some variants. Large-scale prospective studies are warranted to investigate HCV genotype distribution in other regions.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Hepacivirus/classification , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/virology , Neoplasms/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Genotype , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Texas/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , HIV Infections/complications , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Hyperpigmentation/chemically induced , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Tongue Diseases/chemically induced , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Polyethylene Glycols , Recombinant Proteins , Ribavirin/administration & dosage , White PeopleSubject(s)
Carbamates/administration & dosage , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/diagnosis , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/drug therapy , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Organophosphates/administration & dosage , Sulfonamides/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Furans , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/etiology , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Hemoglobins/drug effects , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Male , Probability , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Gonorrhea/virology , HIV Infections/microbiology , Acute Disease , Adult , Gonorrhea/transmission , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
We describe an HIV-positive female patient who had acute abdominal pain as the initial presentation of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. The diagnosis was established by identifying rhabditiform larvae in stool. She also had intra-abdominal tuberculosis without intestinal perforation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such a presentation.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification , Strongyloidiasis/complications , Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal/complications , Adult , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Animals , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Laparotomy , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , Strongyloidiasis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal/drug therapyABSTRACT
We describe a rare case of Histoplasma infection, which manifested only as a brain histoplasmoma, in a previously healthy woman who had no underlying predisposing conditions. Only a few cases of such intracranial histoplasmomas have been reported but this entity can mimic a brain neoplasm and should be a diagnostic consideration during the evaluation of ring-enhancing brain lesions.
