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1.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 8: 744651, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34805211

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ventilator-associated events (VAEs) are objective measures as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To reduce VAEs, some hospitals have started patients on higher baseline positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to avoid triggering VAE criteria due to respiratory fluctuations. Methods: At our institution, VAEs were gathered from January 2014 through December 2019. Using the CDC-defined classifications, VAEs were split into two groups to separate patients with hypoxemia only (VAC) and those with hypoxemia and evidence of inflammation or infection (IVAC-plus). We used the geometric distribution to calculate the daily event probability before and after the protocol implementation. A probability threshold was used to determine if the days between events was exceeded during the post-protocol period. Results: A total of 306 VAEs were collected over the study period. Of those, 155 were VACs and 107 were IVAC-plus events during the pre-protocol period. After implementing the protocol, 24 VACs and 20 IVAC-plus events were reported. There was a non-significant decrease in daily event probabilities in both the VAC and IVAC-plus groups (0.083 vs. 0.068 and 0.057 vs. 0.039, respectively). Conclusion: We concluded a starting PEEP of 8 cmH2O is unlikely to be an effective intervention at reducing the probability of a VAE. Until specific guidelines by the CDC are established, hospitals should consider alternative methods to reduce VAEs.

3.
J Grad Med Educ ; 12(2): 217-220, 2020 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32322357

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: International medical graduates (IMGs) form a significant portion of the physician workforce in the United States and are vital in filling training slots due to a shortage of American medical graduates. Most often, IMGs require visa sponsorship, which must be solidified before applying for a residency or fellowship. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association of H-1B visa sponsorship on retention of physician trainees within the state of Ohio. METHODS: This was a single institutional study that examined all visa-sponsored residency and fellowship graduates who entered fully licensed clinical practice between 2006 and 2015. Practice location was ascertained immediately upon completion of training and at follow-up to determine which visa group (H-1B or J-1) were more likely to initially practice in Ohio after graduation and remain within the state. RESULTS: Of 103 visa-sponsored residency and fellowship graduates, 42 were H-1B sponsored and 61 were J-1-sponsored. Fifty-two percent (22) of H-1B visa-sponsored trainees and 31% (19) of J-1 visa-sponsored trainees were retained in Ohio after graduation. At follow-up, 40% (17) of H-1B and 26% (16) of J-1 visa holders remained in the state. CONCLUSIONS: H-1B visa-sponsored trainees were more likely than those with J-1 visas to practice in the state of Ohio after graduation. Regardless of visa status, graduates tended not to change their geographical location over time.


Subject(s)
Fellowships and Scholarships/statistics & numerical data , Foreign Medical Graduates/statistics & numerical data , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Academic Medical Centers/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Ohio , Physicians/supply & distribution
6.
Am J Infect Control ; 47(4): 462-464, 2019 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30522840

ABSTRACT

We analyzed a set of clinical parameters using Cox proportional hazard regressions to yield significant factors associated with the development of ventilator-associated events. In our study, intubation site, certain comorbidities, morphine, prednisone, and nutrition emerged as factors. Additionally, we presented potential mechanisms that require further research to validate.


Subject(s)
Clinical Decision Rules , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Assessment
7.
Am J Infect Control ; 45(5): 566-568, 2017 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28089674

ABSTRACT

Hospital-acquired rare events, such as nosocomial infections and other low-occurring incidents, in the clinical environment are difficult to monitor using traditional quality indicators. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of ventilator-associated events, we demonstrate an alternative method for assessment of rare events.


Subject(s)
Epidemiological Monitoring , Health Facilities , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Humans
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