The Lauren classification highlights the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinogenesis: an immunohistochemistry study of the STAT3 and adhesion molecules expression.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite some recent advances, gastric cancer remains an important cause of death at world level. This indicates an absence of therapeutic options, stemming from the limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. Nearly fifty years ago Lauren classified gastric cancers, according to the morphological aspect, as intestinal or diffuse. The phenotype of the cells indicates the presence of different molecular mechanisms, which can be approached in the light of recent data and identified with the help of current techniques. The best described are the germline/somatic mutations or the hypermethylations of the E-cadherin 1 CDH1 gene promotor. METHODS: We analyzed 195 gastric tumors,120 intestinal and 75 diffuse type, using immunohistochemistry (tissue microarray TMA method) for pStat3Tyr705, E-cadherin, α-catenin and ß-catenin; 985 spots of gastric tumors, distributed on 4 TMA blocks were analyzed. For pStat3Tyr705 we took the nuclear staining into account and for the adhesion molecules, membrane staining. RESULTS: In our study, in the diffuse type gastric cancer, pStat3Tyr705 nuclear expression was statistically significantly increased (p=0.003). Also we observed a decreased expression of the adhesion molecules in the same type of gastric cancer (E-cadherin p<0.0001, α-catenin p<0.0001, ß-catenin p<0.0001), suggesting that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be involved not only in gastric carcinogenesis, but also in resistance to treatment. CONCLUSION: The Stat3 role has been recently highlighted in carcinogenesis of the diffuse type of gastric cancer. We found that the morphological features of the diffuse type also suggest the involvement of EMT in this type of gastric cancer. Therefore, targeting the key molecules involved in this process may interfere with EMT process in the diffuse type of gastric cancer.

[Adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland origin: a recently described lesion. A case report]. / L'adénocarcinome cribriforme des glandes salivaires accessoires : une tumeur de description très récente. À propos d'une observation.

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin is a rare and recently described lesion. In spite of the high incidence of metastatic spread, the prognosis remains very good. We report a case of a 64-year-old man with cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin of the ventral tongue without locoregional or distant metastasis. The patient is currently 43-month post treatment without any local or regional recurrence of the disease. This entity should be kept in mind regarding its good prognosis and its resemblances with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and adenoid cystic carcinoma with which it should not be confused.

Pre- and posttherapeutic staging of laryngeal carcinoma involving anterior commissure: review of 127 cases.

Background. The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of pre- and posttherapeutic staging of endolaryngeal cancer involving anterior commissure. Materials and Methods. 127 patients were included in this retrospective study, and laryngectomy (partial or radical) was achieved in all of them. Initial radioclinical evaluation (cT) was performed (endoscopy-CT scan) and compared with postoperative histopathological findings. Results. 24,6% of cT2 and 33,3% of cT3 laryngeal tumors were reclassified pT4 after the histopathological examination. Conclusion. pre-therapeutic staging (combining endoscopy-CT scan) of endolaryngeal cancer involving anterior commissure is inadequate and sometimes underestimates thyroid cartilaginous invasion. Nethertheless, a precise diagnostic assessment by surgery with postoperative histological findings is possible. Cartilage and/or paraglottic structures are involved, or not, on the laryngectomy specimen exam. So surgery should always be discussed in first line in transdisciplinary meeting for endolaryngeal cancer management.

[High-grade small bowel angiosarcoma associated with angiosarcomatosis: a case report]. / Angiosarcome de haut grade de l'iléon associé à une angiosarcomatose : à propos d'une observation.

Angiosarcoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm occurring most often in the skin and the subcutaneous tissues and very rarely in the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with a small intestinal angiosarcoma associated with angiosarcomatosis. The diagnosis was established on surgical intestinal resection, that showed a high-grade angiosarcoma with epithelioid component and foci of agressive form of hemangioendothelioma. Immunohistochemical study revealed tumour cell positivity with endothelial markers CD31 and factor VIII whereas CD34 and epithelial markers were negative. The tumour displayed KIT (CD117) immunoreactivity without KIT or PDGFRA mutation on molecular analysis. Clinical and pathological features as well as differential diagnosis of this rare entity in gastrointestinal tract are discussed.

[Lung metastases of epithelioid sarcoma revealed by bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax: a pathological diagnosis]. / Métastases pulmonaires d'un sarcome épithélioïde révélées par un pneumothorax spontané bilatéral : un diagnostic anatomopathologique exclusif.

Spontaneous pneumothorax may be one of the presenting manifestation of metastatic epithelioid sarcoma even if imaging does not show evident metastatic nodules. We report the case of a 24-year-old man presenting a bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in association with an epithelioid sarcoma developed in the right foot. CT-scan revealed bilateral microcystic lesions with no evidence of metastatic disease. A left thoracoscopy and a pleurodesis were performed. Persistent air leakage led to a thoracotomy during which lung biopsies were carried out. Histopathological examination of the pulmonary biopsies revealed rare millimetric nodules, composed of very atypical epithelioid cells, growing along alveolar walls reminiscent of a bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. However, these cells and primary neoplastic cells of the foot tumour were morphologically and immunohistochemically similar and the atypical pulmonary cells were TTF1 negative. All these constatations allowed a diagnosis of pulmonary metastases of the epithelioid sarcoma. This very unusual case underlines that sarcomatous metastases may be a clinical and pathological pitfall.

[Ano-rectal symptoms, related to Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Burkitt's lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient]. / Manifestations anorectales, en rapport avec un lymphome de Burkitt associé au virus Epstein Barr, chez une malade immunocompétente.

We report the case of an immunocompetent 23-year-old Caucasian woman, with symptoms including rectal bleeding, tenesmus and epreint, 6 months after an anal sexual trauma. The rectal examination showed a hardened, inflammatory and painful anal margin, associated with stenosis of the anal canal, suggesting abscess. The neurological examination showed numbing of the chin. Pelvic MRI and CT scan confirmed a bulky posterior tissular pelvic mass more than 7 cm in diameter, infiltrating the rectum and the anal canal. Final diagnosis confirmed by biopsy performed during rectosigmoidoscopy was an Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Burkitt's lymphoma. Chemotherapy resulted in rapid regression of the tumoral mass.

[Benign salivary gland-type tumors of the bronchus: expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins]. / Adénomes bronchiques de type tumeurs des glandes salivaires: expression des cytokératines de haut poids moléculaire.

Primary lung tumors showing features of salivary gland-type neoplasms are extremely rare, and their immunohistochemical profile has been seldom studied. We report two cases of bronchial pleomorphic and mucous gland adenomas and study the expression of markers such as TTF-1 and high molecular weight keratins in these tumors. Both tumors were endobronchial. The pleomorphic adenoma also had a well-circumscribed parenchymal component, with a biphasic morphology composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in a background of myxoid and hyaline stroma. The mucous gland adenoma displayed papillary and dilated glandular structures. In both cases, epithelial cells showed strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining with high molecular weight cytokeratins (cytokeratin 5/6 and keratin 903), and lacked TTF-1 expression. This immunoprofile provides useful clues for the histogenesis of pulmonary benign salivary gland-type adenomas and helps in distinguishing them from primary adenocarcinomas in small biopsy specimens.

The effectiveness of trastuzumab (Herceptin) combined with chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma with overexpression of the c-erbB-2 protein.

The c-erbB-2 protein is overexpressed in 7% of gastric cancer cases, suggesting that anti-c-erbB-2 antibody therapy (trastuzumab; Herceptin) could be used. We report here a 28-year-old woman with metastatic gastric cancer overexpressing c-erbB-2 (3 + strong membrane staining on immunohistochemistry) who was treated with trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. A complete response was obtained with a combination of trastuzumab and oxaliplatin and was maintained with trastuzumab alone for 18 months. The patient relapsed and chemotherapy (capecitabine, docetaxel) was combined with the anti-c-erbB-2 antibody. The patient survived for 4 years with metastatic disease controlled for 2 years by immunochemotherapy. We conclude that the combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy is efficient in the treatment of metastatic gastric carcinoma with overexpression of the c-erbB-2 protein.