ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To review the level of evidence of the psychometric properties of outcome measures for motor or functional skills for children with cerebral palsy classified across I to V levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. METHODS: A systematic search was completed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, and 4 complementary databases. The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist and the updated criteria for good measurement properties were applied to assess the quality. RESULTS: Four outcome measures were identified from 12 articles: Gross Motor Function Measure, Gross Motor Performance Measure, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and Functional Independence Measure for Children. Evidence levels for validity, reliability, and responsiveness varied among measures. CONCLUSIONS: Gross Motor Function Measure in all versions was the most investigated measure providing the best results, with the strongest evidence for validity and responsiveness properties. Reliability evidence should be improved to determine stability.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Motor Skills/physiology , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/standards , Psychometrics/standards , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Disability Evaluation , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Quinoa is a pseudocereal containing low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary fiber, high biological value protein, phytosterols, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, which has generated interest in prediabetes nutritional interventions. This randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the effects of processed quinoa on body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty patients were randomized (2:1) in two study arms: Kuska Active product (processed quinoa) and placebo (maltodextrin), with an intake period of 28 days. BMI, HbA1c and FPG were determined before starting treatment and at 28-day intake. Satiety and fullness sensation were just assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) at the day 28. ANOVA was performed for repeated measures with two factors to study (within-subject factor: time; intersubject factor: product consumed) to demonstrate the effectiveness of processed quinoa on the study variables. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (placebo, n = 10; quinoa, n = 19) completed the study, and the quinoa group shows a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.05) and HbA1c values (p < 0.001), and an increase in the satiation and fullness (complete) degree (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in FPG levels from baseline to post-intake period. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that processed quinoa intake during 28 days decreases BMI and HbA1c levels, maintains FPG levels, and incr eases the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients.
Subject(s)
Chenopodium quinoa , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Adult , Aged , Body Mass Index , Double-Blind Method , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prediabetic State/blood , Satiety ResponseABSTRACT
Introducción: la quinua es un pseudocereal que contiene hidratos de carbono de bajo índice glucémico, fibra alimentaria, proteínas de alto valor biológico, fitoesteroles y ácidos grasos n-3 y n-6, y que ha suscitado interés en la intervención nutricional de la prediabetes. Este estudio aleatorizado (2:1), controlado con placebo y doble ciego, evaluó los efectos de la quinua sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), glucemia basal (GB) y el grado de saciedad y plenitud en pacientes prediabéticos. Material y método: se aleatorizaron (2:1) 30 pacientes en dos ramas a estudio: el producto Kuska Active (quinua procesada) y placebo (maltodextrina). El periodo de ingesta fue de 28 días. Antes de iniciar el tratamiento y a los 28 días se determinó el IMC, HbA1c y la GB. La sensación de saciedad y plenitud se evaluó mediante escala visual analógica (EVA). Para demostrar la eficacia de la quinua procesada Kuska Active sobre las variables a estudio se realizó ANOVA para medidas repetidas con dos factores a estudio (factor intrasujeto: tiempo y factor intersujeto: producto consumido). Resultados: finalizaron el estudio un total de 29 pacientes (placebo, n = 10; quinua, n = 19). Se detectó en el grupo quinua procesada una disminución significativa en los valores de IMC (p < 0,05) y HbA1c (p < 0,001) y un aumento en la sensación de saciedad y plenitud (p < 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de GB desde el momento basal hasta el periodo postingesta. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que la quinua procesada disminuye el IMC y los niveles de HbA1c, mantiene los niveles de GB y aumenta la sensación de saciedad y plenitud en pacientes prediabéticos (AU)
Introduction: Quinoa is a pseudocereal containing low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary fiber, high biological value protein, phytosterols, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, which has generated interest in prediabetes nutritional interventions. This randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the effects of processed quinoa on body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients. Material and method: Thirty patients were randomized (2:1) in two study arms: Kuska Active product (processed quinoa) and placebo (maltodextrin), with an intake period of 28 days. BMI, HbA1c and FPG were determined before starting treatment and at 28-day intake. Satiety and fullness sensation were just assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) at the day 28. ANOVA was performed for repeated measures with two factors to study (within-subject factor: time; intersubject factor: product consumed) to demonstrate the effectiveness of processed quinoa on the study variables. Results: Twenty-nine patients (placebo, n = 10; quinoa, n = 19) completed the study, and the quinoa group shows a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.05) and HbA1c values (p < 0.001), and an increase in the satiation and fullness (complete) degree (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in FPG levels from baseline to post-intake period. Conclusions: The results show that processed quinoa intake during 28 days decreases BMI and HbA1c levels, maintains FPG levels, and increases the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Chenopodium quinoa , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Nutrition Assessment , Satiation/physiology , Body Mass Index , Analysis of Variance , Voluntary Programs , Anthropometry/instrumentation , 28599ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Increased awareness of the importance of dietary fibre has led to increased interest in "functional" fibre components like digestion-resistant maltodextrin (RMD). This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study assessed the effects of RMD in the colonic transit time (CTT) and defecation characteristics (frequency, stool volume and consistency). METHODS: Sixty-six healthy adult volunteers (32 men) who did not have a daily defecation habit had a 7-day run-in period before the 21-day intervention period with RMD or placebo. CTT and segmental CTT (SCTT) were assessed by a single abdominal X-ray film taken at the end of both periods after radiopaque marker ingestion. Defecation characteristics and intestinal functions were also assessed, which were self-reported by patients. Intragroup comparisons were evaluated by Student's paired t test, Bonferroni test and Chi-square test, while time comparisons by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and time-by-treatment interaction by repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Fifty-seven subjects were assessed for CTT (placebo, n = 28; RMD, n = 29). In the RMD group, the total CTT, left SCTT and rectosigmoidal SCTT decreased significantly compared to baseline (p < 0.01 each; -13.3, -4.7, -8.7 h, respectively). Significant differences between groups were observed in total CTT and left SCTT. Significant time-by-treatment interaction was observed in the RMD group for stool volume (p = 0.014), increasing 56 % compared to baseline (p < 0.01), while remained unchanged in the placebo group. Stool consistency was improved only in the RMD group (p < 0.01). No adverse effects related to study products were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that RMD improved CTT, stool volume, stool consistency and some intestinal functions in a healthy population.
