ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in women accounting for 7.9% of all cancers. In India it is the second commonest cancer in women. The immortality of the cancer cell and the relatively long time frame from acquisition of infection to development of cervical cancer was established. As major advancements like LBC, HPV testing were introduced in the recent years, screening has taken a new avatar, the Molecular pap!! The objectives of this study were: To compare gynecologic cytology and abnormal results with respect to conventional and LBC. To study the role of HPV cotesting and ancillary tests performed, that is, HPV CISH, and p16ink4a by IHC. METHODS: About 71 924 Conventional and LBC samples were included from August 2009 to December 2017. Cases for HPV testing along the conventional smears were 1539. HPV can be tested from the same LBC vial as the sample remains stable at room temperature for 6 weeks. HPV DNA PCR was carried out in our laboratory for High and Low risk genotypes. Cytology findings were also correlated with histology. RESULTS: Detection rate of SILs in LBC samples were higher (2.20%). The commonest abnormality was LSIL in LBC and ASCUS in conventional smears. Commonest HR HPV and LR HPV detected was 1 61 856 and 61 142. CONCLUSION: LBC with HPV cotesting improves sensitivity and specificity and reduces ambiguous results; allows better compliance, as a negative result of both tests allows patients to get screening every 5 years, thereby increasing screening intervals, important in a resource limited situation.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma/pathology , Papanicolaou Test/methods , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/standards , Carcinoma/metabolism , Diagnostic Errors , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Papanicolaou Test/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolismSubject(s)
Cauda Equina/pathology , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/physiopathology , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/physiopathology , Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Cauda Equina/diagnostic imaging , Cauda Equina/surgery , Databases, Bibliographic , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mucin-1/metabolism , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnostic imaging , Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Prostate-Specific Antigen/metabolismABSTRACT
Ganglioglioma is a slow-growing relatively low-grade mixed glioneuronal tumor with most cases corresponding to the WHO Grade I category. It frequently presents with seizures. The temporal lobe is the most common location followed by frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. These generally behave in a benign fashion and have a favorable prognosis. We describe a case of a 24-year-old male presenting with convulsions and a calcified parieto-occipital mass. This mass removed from the parietal lobe showed neoplastic glial and dysplastic neuronal tissue amidst extensive areas of calcification and foci of ossification. On immunohistochemistry, the glial component expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein whereas the dysplastic neuronal component expressed synaptophysin and CD34. Epithelial membrane antigen was negative and Ki-67 showed a low proliferative index. After the surgery, the patient is free of neurological symptoms. Widespread calcification and ossification are very unusual in ganglioglioma, which prompted us to report this case.
