ABSTRACT
Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ, the Hippo pathway downstream effectors, is common in human cancer. The requirement of YAP/TAZ for cancer cell survival in preclinical models, prompted the development of pharmacological inhibitors that suppress their transcriptional activity. However, systemic YAP/TAZ inhibition may sometimes have unpredictable patient outcomes, with limited or even adverse effects because YAP/TAZ action is not simply tumor promoting but also tumor suppressive in some cell types. Here, we review the role of the Hippo pathway in distinct tumor cell populations, discuss the impact of inhibiting Hippo output on tumor growth, and examine current developments in YAP/TAZ inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Signal Transduction , Humans , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , YAP-Signaling Proteins , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics and is therefore a public health issue. Colonization with MRSA is a risk factor for infection or transmission. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA strains in health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Ecuador and to determine the risk factors associated with carriage. METHODS: Out of a cohort of 3800 HCWs, 481 individuals from different hospital departments were randomly selected, and a single nasal swab was collected. Detection of SA and MRSA was carried out with the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced Test. A questionnaire was performed that gathered demographic and occupational information of the participants to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis and the R-software version 4.0.2. RESULTS: Colonization with SA and MRSA occurred in respectively 23.7% (95% CI, 22.7-24.6) and 5% (95% CI, 3.39-7.58) of the individuals. The multivariate analysis showed that being older in age (OD 1.09) and being male (OD 2.78) were risk factors for SA and MRSA colonization (p-value < 0.001). Previous use of antibiotics or the use of nasal ointments diminished the colonization rates of SA (24% versus 3.7% and 10.1% respectively). CONCLUSION: About 20% of the HCWs who were colonized with SA were colonized with MRSA, representing a risk for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Active monitoring and a decolonization treatment of the HCWs can reduce these risks.
ABSTRACT
New hybrid oligonucleotide-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles able to detect genomic DNA were designed.
